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set(COMPONENT_SRCDIRS
"src"
)
set(COMPONENT_ADD_INCLUDEDIRS
"src"
)
register_component()

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# Contributor Covenant Code of Conduct
## Our Pledge
We as members, contributors, and leaders pledge to make participation in our
community a harassment-free experience for everyone, regardless of age, body
size, visible or invisible disability, ethnicity, sex characteristics, gender
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nationality, personal appearance, race, religion, or sexual identity
and orientation.
We pledge to act and interact in ways that contribute to an open, welcoming,
diverse, inclusive, and healthy community.
## Our Standards
Examples of behavior that contributes to a positive environment for our
community include:
* Demonstrating empathy and kindness toward other people
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* Giving and gracefully accepting constructive feedback
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and learning from the experience
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overall community
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## Enforcement Responsibilities
Community leaders are responsible for clarifying and enforcing our standards of
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or harmful.
Community leaders have the right and responsibility to remove, edit, or reject
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decisions when appropriate.
## Scope
This Code of Conduct applies within all community spaces, and also applies when
an individual is officially representing the community in public spaces.
Examples of representing our community include using an official e-mail address,
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representative at an online or offline event.
## Enforcement
Instances of abusive, harassing, or otherwise unacceptable behavior may be
reported to the community leaders responsible for enforcement at
https://sidweb.nl/cms3/en/contact.
All complaints will be reviewed and investigated promptly and fairly.
All community leaders are obligated to respect the privacy and security of the
reporter of any incident.
## Enforcement Guidelines
Community leaders will follow these Community Impact Guidelines in determining
the consequences for any action they deem in violation of this Code of Conduct:
### 1. Correction
**Community Impact**: Use of inappropriate language or other behavior deemed
unprofessional or unwelcome in the community.
**Consequence**: A private, written warning from community leaders, providing
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behavior was inappropriate. A public apology may be requested.
### 2. Warning
**Community Impact**: A violation through a single incident or series
of actions.
**Consequence**: A warning with consequences for continued behavior. No
interaction with the people involved, including unsolicited interaction with
those enforcing the Code of Conduct, for a specified period of time. This
includes avoiding interactions in community spaces as well as external channels
like social media. Violating these terms may lead to a temporary or
permanent ban.
### 3. Temporary Ban
**Community Impact**: A serious violation of community standards, including
sustained inappropriate behavior.
**Consequence**: A temporary ban from any sort of interaction or public
communication with the community for a specified period of time. No public or
private interaction with the people involved, including unsolicited interaction
with those enforcing the Code of Conduct, is allowed during this period.
Violating these terms may lead to a permanent ban.
### 4. Permanent Ban
**Community Impact**: Demonstrating a pattern of violation of community
standards, including sustained inappropriate behavior, harassment of an
individual, or aggression toward or disparagement of classes of individuals.
**Consequence**: A permanent ban from any sort of public interaction within
the community.
## Attribution
This Code of Conduct is adapted from the [Contributor Covenant][homepage],
version 2.0, available at
https://www.contributor-covenant.org/version/2/0/code_of_conduct.html.
Community Impact Guidelines were inspired by [Mozilla's code of conduct
enforcement ladder](https://github.com/mozilla/diversity).
[homepage]: https://www.contributor-covenant.org
For answers to common questions about this code of conduct, see the FAQ at
https://www.contributor-covenant.org/faq. Translations are available at
https://www.contributor-covenant.org/translations.

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GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
Version 3, 29 June 2007
Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <https://fsf.org/>
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
This version of the GNU Lesser General Public License incorporates
the terms and conditions of version 3 of the GNU General Public
License, supplemented by the additional permissions listed below.
0. Additional Definitions.
As used herein, "this License" refers to version 3 of the GNU Lesser
General Public License, and the "GNU GPL" refers to version 3 of the GNU
General Public License.
"The Library" refers to a covered work governed by this License,
other than an Application or a Combined Work as defined below.
An "Application" is any work that makes use of an interface provided
by the Library, but which is not otherwise based on the Library.
Defining a subclass of a class defined by the Library is deemed a mode
of using an interface provided by the Library.
A "Combined Work" is a work produced by combining or linking an
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with which the Combined Work was made is also called the "Linked
Version".
The "Minimal Corresponding Source" for a Combined Work means the
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based on the Application, and not on the Linked Version.
The "Corresponding Application Code" for a Combined Work means the
object code and/or source code for the Application, including any data
and utility programs needed for reproducing the Combined Work from the
Application, but excluding the System Libraries of the Combined Work.
1. Exception to Section 3 of the GNU GPL.
You may convey a covered work under sections 3 and 4 of this License
without being bound by section 3 of the GNU GPL.
2. Conveying Modified Versions.
If you modify a copy of the Library, and, in your modifications, a
facility refers to a function or data to be supplied by an Application
that uses the facility (other than as an argument passed when the
facility is invoked), then you may convey a copy of the modified
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a) under this License, provided that you make a good faith effort to
ensure that, in the event an Application does not supply the
function or data, the facility still operates, and performs
whatever part of its purpose remains meaningful, or
b) under the GNU GPL, with none of the additional permissions of
this License applicable to that copy.
3. Object Code Incorporating Material from Library Header Files.
The object code form of an Application may incorporate material from
a header file that is part of the Library. You may convey such object
code under terms of your choice, provided that, if the incorporated
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(ten or fewer lines in length), you do both of the following:
a) Give prominent notice with each copy of the object code that the
Library is used in it and that the Library and its use are
covered by this License.
b) Accompany the object code with a copy of the GNU GPL and this license
document.
4. Combined Works.
You may convey a Combined Work under terms of your choice that,
taken together, effectively do not restrict modification of the
portions of the Library contained in the Combined Work and reverse
engineering for debugging such modifications, if you also do each of
the following:
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the Library is used in it and that the Library and its use are
covered by this License.
b) Accompany the Combined Work with a copy of the GNU GPL and this license
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c) For a Combined Work that displays copyright notices during
execution, include the copyright notice for the Library among
these notices, as well as a reference directing the user to the
copies of the GNU GPL and this license document.
d) Do one of the following:
0) Convey the Minimal Corresponding Source under the terms of this
License, and the Corresponding Application Code in a form
suitable for, and under terms that permit, the user to
recombine or relink the Application with a modified version of
the Linked Version to produce a modified Combined Work, in the
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you use option 4d0, the Installation Information must accompany
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for conveying Corresponding Source.)
5. Combined Libraries.
You may place library facilities that are a work based on the
Library side by side in a single library together with other library
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choice, if you do both of the following:
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on the Library, uncombined with any other library facilities,
conveyed under the terms of this License.
b) Give prominent notice with the combined library that part of it
is a work based on the Library, and explaining where to find the
accompanying uncombined form of the same work.
6. Revised Versions of the GNU Lesser General Public License.
The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions
of the GNU Lesser General Public License from time to time. Such new
versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.
Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the
Library as you received it specifies that a certain numbered version
of the GNU Lesser General Public License "or any later version"
applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and
conditions either of that published version or of any later version
published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Library as you
received it does not specify a version number of the GNU Lesser
General Public License, you may choose any version of the GNU Lesser
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If the Library as you received it specifies that a proxy can decide
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apply, that proxy's public statement of acceptance of any version is
permanent authorization for you to choose that version for the
Library.

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![https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/195753706?s=96&v=4](https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/195753706?s=96&v=4)
# ESPAsyncWebServer
[![Latest Release](https://img.shields.io/github/release/ESP32Async/ESPAsyncWebServer.svg)](https://GitHub.com/ESP32Async/ESPAsyncWebServer/releases/)
[![PlatformIO Registry](https://badges.registry.platformio.org/packages/ESP32Async/library/ESPAsyncWebServer.svg)](https://registry.platformio.org/libraries/ESP32Async/ESPAsyncWebServer)
[![License: LGPL 3.0](https://img.shields.io/badge/License-LGPL%203.0-yellow.svg)](https://opensource.org/license/lgpl-3-0/)
[![Contributor Covenant](https://img.shields.io/badge/Contributor%20Covenant-2.1-4baaaa.svg)](code_of_conduct.md)
[![GitHub latest commit](https://badgen.net/github/last-commit/ESP32Async/ESPAsyncWebServer)](https://GitHub.com/ESP32Async/ESPAsyncWebServer/commit/)
[![Gitpod Ready-to-Code](https://img.shields.io/badge/Gitpod-Ready--to--Code-blue?logo=gitpod)](https://gitpod.io/#https://github.com/ESP32Async/ESPAsyncWebServer)
[![ESP32Async Discord Server](https://img.shields.io/badge/Discord-ESP32Async-blue?logo=discord)](https://discord.gg/X7zpGdyUcY)
[![Documentation](https://img.shields.io/badge/Wiki-ESPAsyncWebServer-blue?logo=github)](https://github.com/ESP32Async/ESPAsyncWebServer/wiki)
## Asynchronous HTTP and WebSocket Server Library for ESP32, ESP8266, RP2040 and RP2350
Supports: WebSocket, SSE, Authentication, Arduino Json 7, File Upload, Static File serving, URL Rewrite, URL Redirect, etc.
- [Documentation](#documentation)
- [How to install](#how-to-install)
- [Dependencies](#dependencies)
- [ESP32 / pioarduino](#esp32--pioarduino)
- [ESP8266 / pioarduino](#esp8266--pioarduino)
- [Unofficial dependencies](#unofficial-dependencies)
## Documentation
The complete [project documentation](https://github.com/ESP32Async/ESPAsyncWebServer/wiki) is available in the Wiki section.
## How to install
The library can be downloaded from the releases page at [https://github.com/ESP32Async/ESPAsyncWebServer/releases](https://github.com/ESP32Async/ESPAsyncWebServer/releases).
It is also deployed in these registries:
- Arduino Library Registry: [https://github.com/arduino/library-registry](https://github.com/arduino/library-registry)
- ESP Component Registry [https://components.espressif.com/components/esp32async/espasyncwebserver](https://components.espressif.com/components/esp32async/espasyncwebserver)
- PlatformIO Registry: [https://registry.platformio.org/libraries/esp32async/ESPAsyncWebServer](https://registry.platformio.org/libraries/esp32async/ESPAsyncWebServer)
- Use: `lib_deps=ESP32Async/ESPAsyncWebServer` to point to latest version
- Use: `lib_deps=ESP32Async/ESPAsyncWebServer @ ^<x.y.z>` to point to latest version with the same major version
- Use: `lib_deps=ESP32Async/ESPAsyncWebServer @ <x.y.z>` to always point to the same version (reproductible build)
## Dependencies
### ESP32 / pioarduino
```ini
[env:stable]
platform = https://github.com/pioarduino/platform-espressif32/releases/download/stable/platform-espressif32.zip
lib_compat_mode = strict
lib_ldf_mode = chain
lib_deps =
ESP32Async/AsyncTCP
ESP32Async/ESPAsyncWebServer
```
### ESP8266 / pioarduino
```ini
[env:stable]
platform = espressif8266
lib_compat_mode = strict
lib_ldf_mode = chain
lib_deps =
ESP32Async/ESPAsyncTCP
ESP32Async/ESPAsyncWebServer
```
### LibreTiny (BK7231N/T, RTL8710B, etc.)
Version 1.9.1 or newer is required.
```ini
[env:stable]
platform = libretiny @ ^1.9.1
lib_ldf_mode = chain
lib_deps =
ESP32Async/AsyncTCP
ESP32Async/ESPAsyncWebServer
```
### Unofficial dependencies
**AsyncTCPSock**
AsyncTCPSock can be used instead of AsyncTCP by excluding AsyncTCP from the library dependencies and adding AsyncTCPSock instead:
```ini
lib_compat_mode = strict
lib_ldf_mode = chain
lib_deps =
https://github.com/ESP32Async/AsyncTCPSock/archive/refs/tags/v1.0.3-dev.zip
ESP32Async/ESPAsyncWebServer
lib_ignore =
AsyncTCP
ESP32Async/AsyncTCP
```
**RPAsyncTCP**
RPAsyncTCP replaces AsyncTCP to provide support for RP2040(+WiFi) and RP2350(+WiFi) boards. For example - Raspberry Pi Pico W and Raspberry Pi Pico 2W.
```ini
lib_compat_mode = strict
lib_ldf_mode = chain
platform = https://github.com/maxgerhardt/platform-raspberrypi.git
board = rpipicow
board_build.core = earlephilhower
lib_deps =
ayushsharma82/RPAsyncTCP@^1.3.2
ESP32Async/ESPAsyncWebServer
lib_ignore =
lwIP_ESPHost
build_flags = ${env.build_flags}
-Wno-missing-field-initializers
```
## Important recommendations for build options
Most of the crashes are caused by improper use or configuration of the AsyncTCP library used for the project.
Here are some recommendations to avoid them and build-time flags you can change.
`CONFIG_ASYNC_TCP_MAX_ACK_TIME` - defines a timeout for TCP connection to be considered alive when waiting for data.
In some bad network conditions you might consider increasing it.
`CONFIG_ASYNC_TCP_QUEUE_SIZE` - defines the length of the queue for events related to connections handling.
Both the server and AsyncTCP library were optimized to control the queue automatically. Do NOT try blindly increasing the queue size, it does not help you in a way you might think it is. If you receive debug messages about queue throttling, try to optimize your server callbacks code to execute as fast as possible.
Read #165 thread, it might give you some hints.
`CONFIG_ASYNC_TCP_RUNNING_CORE` - CPU core thread affinity that runs the queue events handling and executes server callbacks. Default is ANY core, so it means that for dualcore SoCs both cores could handle server activities. If your server's code is too heavy and unoptimized or you see that sometimes
server might affect other network activities, you might consider to bind it to the same core that runs Arduino code (1) to minimize affect on radio part. Otherwise you can leave the default to let RTOS decide where to run the thread based on priority
`CONFIG_ASYNC_TCP_STACK_SIZE` - stack size for the thread that runs sever events and callbacks. Default is 16k that is a way too much waste for well-defined short async code or simple static file handling. You might want to cosider reducing it to 4-8k to same RAM usage. If you do not know what this is or not sure about your callback code demands - leave it as default, should be enough even for very hungry callbacks in most cases.
> [!NOTE]
> This relates to ESP32 only, ESP8266 uses different ESPAsyncTCP lib that does not has this build options
I personally use the following configuration in my projects:
```c++
-D CONFIG_ASYNC_TCP_MAX_ACK_TIME=5000 // (keep default)
-D CONFIG_ASYNC_TCP_PRIORITY=10 // (keep default)
-D CONFIG_ASYNC_TCP_QUEUE_SIZE=64 // (keep default)
-D CONFIG_ASYNC_TCP_RUNNING_CORE=1 // force async_tcp task to be on same core as Arduino app (default is any core)
-D CONFIG_ASYNC_TCP_STACK_SIZE=4096 // reduce the stack size (default is 16K)
```
If you need to serve chunk requests with a really low buffer (which should be avoided), you can set `-D ASYNCWEBSERVER_USE_CHUNK_INFLIGHT=0` to disable the in-flight control.

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Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
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dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
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// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
#include <DNSServer.h>
#if defined(ESP32) || defined(LIBRETINY)
#include <AsyncTCP.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#elif defined(ESP8266)
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <ESPAsyncTCP.h>
#elif defined(TARGET_RP2040) || defined(TARGET_RP2350) || defined(PICO_RP2040) || defined(PICO_RP2350)
#include <RPAsyncTCP.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#endif
#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
static AsyncWebServer server(80);
void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
#if SOC_WIFI_SUPPORTED || CONFIG_ESP_WIFI_REMOTE_ENABLED || LT_ARD_HAS_WIFI || CONFIG_ESP32_WIFI_ENABLED
WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP);
WiFi.softAP("esp-captive");
#endif
// Shows how to use AsyncResponseStream.
// The internal buffer will be allocated and data appended to it,
// until the response is sent, then this buffer is read and committed on the network.
//
// curl -v http://192.168.4.1/
//
server.on("/", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
AsyncResponseStream *response = request->beginResponseStream("plain/text", 40 * 1024);
for (int i = 0; i < 32 * 1024; i++) {
response->write('a');
}
request->send(response);
});
server.begin();
}
void loop() {
delay(100);
}

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// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
//
// Shows how to trigger an async client request from a browser request and send the client response back to the browser through websocket
//
#include <Arduino.h>
#if defined(ESP32) || defined(LIBRETINY)
#include <AsyncTCP.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#elif defined(ESP8266)
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <ESPAsyncTCP.h>
#elif defined(TARGET_RP2040) || defined(TARGET_RP2350) || defined(PICO_RP2040) || defined(PICO_RP2350)
#include <RPAsyncTCP.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#endif
#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
#define WIFI_SSID "IoT"
#define WIFI_PASSWORD ""
static AsyncWebServer server(80);
static AsyncWebSocketMessageHandler wsHandler;
static AsyncWebSocket ws("/ws", wsHandler.eventHandler());
static const char *htmlContent PROGMEM = R"(
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>WebSocket Tunnel Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>WebSocket Tunnel Example</h1>
<div><input type="text" id="url" value="http://www.google.com" /></div>
<div><button onclick='fetch()'>Fetch</button></div>
<div><pre id="response"></pre></div>
<script>
var ws = new WebSocket('/ws');
ws.binaryType = "arraybuffer";
ws.onopen = function() {
console.log("WebSocket connected");
};
ws.onmessage = function(event) {
let uint8array = new Uint8Array(event.data);
let string = new TextDecoder().decode(uint8array);
console.log("WebSocket message: " + string);
document.getElementById("response").innerText += string;
};
ws.onclose = function() {
console.log("WebSocket closed");
};
ws.onerror = function(error) {
console.log("WebSocket error: " + error);
};
function fetch() {
document.getElementById("response").innerText = "";
var url = document.getElementById("url").value;
ws.send(url);
console.log("WebSocket sent: " + url);
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
)";
static const size_t htmlContentLength = strlen_P(htmlContent);
void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
#if SOC_WIFI_SUPPORTED || CONFIG_ESP_WIFI_REMOTE_ENABLED || LT_ARD_HAS_WIFI || CONFIG_ESP32_WIFI_ENABLED
WiFi.begin(WIFI_SSID, WIFI_PASSWORD);
while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
delay(500);
}
Serial.println("Connected to WiFi!");
Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());
#endif
server.on("/", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
request->send(200, "text/html", (const uint8_t *)htmlContent, htmlContentLength);
});
wsHandler.onMessage([](AsyncWebSocket *server, AsyncWebSocketClient *wsClient, const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
String url;
String host;
String port;
String path;
url.concat((const char *)data, len);
if (!url.startsWith("http://")) {
return;
}
if (!url.endsWith("/")) {
url += "/";
}
// Parse the URL to extract the host and port
int start = url.indexOf("://") + 3;
int end = url.indexOf("/", start);
if (end == -1) {
end = url.length();
}
String hostPort = url.substring(start, end);
int colonIndex = hostPort.indexOf(":");
if (colonIndex != -1) {
host = hostPort.substring(0, colonIndex);
port = hostPort.substring(colonIndex + 1);
} else {
host = hostPort;
port = "80"; // Default HTTP port
}
path = url.substring(end);
Serial.printf("Host: %s\n", host.c_str());
Serial.printf("Port: %s\n", port.c_str());
Serial.printf("Path: %s\n", path.c_str());
// Ensure client does not get deleted while the websocket holds a reference to it
std::shared_ptr<AsyncClient> *safeAsyncClient = new std::shared_ptr<AsyncClient>(std::make_shared<AsyncClient>());
AsyncClient *asyncClient = safeAsyncClient->get();
asyncClient->onDisconnect([safeAsyncClient](void *arg, AsyncClient *client) {
Serial.printf("Tunnel disconnected!\n");
delete safeAsyncClient;
});
// register a callback when an error occurs
// note: onDisconnect also called on error
asyncClient->onError([](void *arg, AsyncClient *client, int8_t error) {
Serial.printf("Tunnel error: %s\n", client->errorToString(error));
});
// register a callback when data arrives, to accumulate it
asyncClient->onPacket(
[safeAsyncClient](void *arg, AsyncClient *, struct pbuf *pb) {
std::shared_ptr<AsyncClient> safeAsyncClientRef = *safeAsyncClient; // add a reference
AsyncWebSocketClient *wsClient = (AsyncWebSocketClient *)arg;
Serial.printf("Tunnel received %u bytes\n", pb->len);
AsyncWebSocketSharedBuffer wsBuffer =
AsyncWebSocketSharedBuffer(new std::vector<uint8_t>((uint8_t *)pb->payload, (uint8_t *)pb->payload + pb->len), [=](std::vector<uint8_t> *bufptr) {
delete bufptr;
Serial.printf("ACK %u bytes\n", pb->len);
safeAsyncClientRef->ackPacket(pb);
});
Serial.printf("Tunnel sending %u bytes\n", wsBuffer->size());
Serial.printf("%.*s\n", (int)wsBuffer->size(), wsBuffer->data());
wsClient->binary(std::move(wsBuffer));
},
wsClient
);
asyncClient->onConnect([=](void *arg, AsyncClient *client) {
Serial.printf("Tunnel connected!\n");
client->write("GET ");
client->write(path.c_str());
client->write(" HTTP/1.1\r\n");
client->write("Host: ");
client->write(host.c_str());
client->write(":");
client->write(port.c_str());
client->write("\r\n");
client->write("User-Agent: ESP32\r\n");
client->write("Accept: */*\r\n");
client->write("Connection: close\r\n");
client->write("\r\n");
});
Serial.printf("Fetching: http://%s:%s%s\n", host.c_str(), port.c_str(), path.c_str());
if (!asyncClient->connect(host.c_str(), port.toInt())) {
Serial.printf("Failed to open tunnel!\n");
delete safeAsyncClient;
}
});
wsHandler.onConnect([](AsyncWebSocket *server, AsyncWebSocketClient *client) {
Serial.printf("Client %" PRIu32 " connected\n", client->id());
client->binary("WebSocket connected!");
});
wsHandler.onDisconnect([](AsyncWebSocket *server, uint32_t clientId) {
Serial.printf("Client %" PRIu32 " disconnected\n", clientId);
});
server.addHandler(&ws);
server.begin();
Serial.println("Server started!");
}
static uint32_t lastHeap = 0;
void loop() {
ws.cleanupClients(2);
#ifdef ESP32
uint32_t now = millis();
if (now - lastHeap >= 2000) {
Serial.printf("Uptime: %3lu s, Free heap: %" PRIu32 "\n", millis() / 1000, ESP.getFreeHeap());
lastHeap = now;
}
#endif
delay(500);
}

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// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
//
// Authentication and authorization middlewares
//
#include <Arduino.h>
#if defined(ESP32) || defined(LIBRETINY)
#include <AsyncTCP.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#elif defined(ESP8266)
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <ESPAsyncTCP.h>
#elif defined(TARGET_RP2040) || defined(TARGET_RP2350) || defined(PICO_RP2040) || defined(PICO_RP2350)
#include <RPAsyncTCP.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#endif
#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
static AsyncWebServer server(80);
// basicAuth
static AsyncAuthenticationMiddleware basicAuth;
static AsyncAuthenticationMiddleware basicAuthHash;
// simple digest authentication
static AsyncAuthenticationMiddleware digestAuth;
static AsyncAuthenticationMiddleware digestAuthHash;
static AsyncAuthenticationMiddleware bearerAuthSharedKey;
static AsyncAuthenticationMiddleware bearerAuthJWT;
// complex authentication which adds request attributes for the next middlewares and handler
static AsyncMiddlewareFunction complexAuth([](AsyncWebServerRequest *request, ArMiddlewareNext next) {
if (request->authenticate("Mathieu", "password")) {
request->setAttribute("user", "Mathieu");
} else if (request->authenticate("Bob", "password")) {
request->setAttribute("user", "Bob");
} else {
return request->requestAuthentication();
}
if (request->getAttribute("user") == "Mathieu") {
request->setAttribute("role", "staff");
} else {
request->setAttribute("role", "user");
}
next();
});
static AsyncAuthorizationMiddleware authz([](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
return request->getAttribute("role") == "staff";
});
void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
#if SOC_WIFI_SUPPORTED || CONFIG_ESP_WIFI_REMOTE_ENABLED || LT_ARD_HAS_WIFI || CONFIG_ESP32_WIFI_ENABLED
WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP);
WiFi.softAP("esp-captive");
#endif
// basic authentication
basicAuth.setUsername("admin");
basicAuth.setPassword("admin");
basicAuth.setRealm("MyApp");
basicAuth.setAuthFailureMessage("Authentication failed");
basicAuth.setAuthType(AsyncAuthType::AUTH_BASIC);
basicAuth.generateHash(); // precompute hash (optional but recommended)
// basic authentication with hash
basicAuthHash.setUsername("admin");
basicAuthHash.setPasswordHash("YWRtaW46YWRtaW4="); // BASE64(admin:admin)
basicAuthHash.setRealm("MyApp");
basicAuthHash.setAuthFailureMessage("Authentication failed");
basicAuthHash.setAuthType(AsyncAuthType::AUTH_BASIC);
// digest authentication
digestAuth.setUsername("admin");
digestAuth.setPassword("admin");
digestAuth.setRealm("MyApp");
digestAuth.setAuthFailureMessage("Authentication failed");
digestAuth.setAuthType(AsyncAuthType::AUTH_DIGEST);
digestAuth.generateHash(); // precompute hash (optional but recommended)
// digest authentication with hash
digestAuthHash.setUsername("admin");
digestAuthHash.setPasswordHash("f499b71f9a36d838b79268e145e132f7"); // MD5(user:realm:pass)
digestAuthHash.setRealm("MyApp");
digestAuthHash.setAuthFailureMessage("Authentication failed");
digestAuthHash.setAuthType(AsyncAuthType::AUTH_DIGEST);
// bearer authentication with shared key
bearerAuthSharedKey.setAuthType(AsyncAuthType::AUTH_BEARER);
bearerAuthSharedKey.setToken("shared-secret-key");
// bearer authentication with a JWT token
bearerAuthJWT.setAuthType(AsyncAuthType::AUTH_BEARER);
bearerAuthJWT.setAuthentificationFunction([](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
const String &token = request->authChallenge();
// 1. decode base64 token
// 2. decrypt token
const String &decrypted = "..."; // TODO
// 3. validate token (check signature, expiration, etc)
bool valid = token == "<token>" || token == "<another token>";
if (!valid) {
return false;
}
// 4. extract user info from token and set request attributes
if (token == "<token>") {
request->setAttribute("user", "Mathieu");
request->setAttribute("role", "staff");
return true; // return true if token is valid, false otherwise
}
if (token == "<another token>") {
request->setAttribute("user", "Bob");
request->setAttribute("role", "user");
return true; // return true if token is valid, false otherwise
}
return false;
});
// basic authentication method
// curl -v -u admin:admin http://192.168.4.1/auth-basic
server
.on(
"/auth-basic", HTTP_GET,
[](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
request->send(200, "text/plain", "Hello, world!");
}
)
.addMiddleware(&basicAuth);
// basic authentication method with hash
// curl -v -u admin:admin http://192.168.4.1/auth-basic-hash
server
.on(
"/auth-basic-hash", HTTP_GET,
[](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
request->send(200, "text/plain", "Hello, world!");
}
)
.addMiddleware(&basicAuthHash);
// digest authentication
// curl -v -u admin:admin --digest http://192.168.4.1/auth-digest
server
.on(
"/auth-digest", HTTP_GET,
[](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
request->send(200, "text/plain", "Hello, world!");
}
)
.addMiddleware(&digestAuth);
// digest authentication with hash
// curl -v -u admin:admin --digest http://192.168.4.1/auth-digest-hash
server
.on(
"/auth-digest-hash", HTTP_GET,
[](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
request->send(200, "text/plain", "Hello, world!");
}
)
.addMiddleware(&digestAuthHash);
// test digest auth custom authorization middleware
// curl -v --digest -u Mathieu:password http://192.168.4.1/auth-custom => OK
// curl -v --digest -u Bob:password http://192.168.4.1/auth-custom => 403
// curl -v --digest -u any:password http://192.168.4.1/auth-custom => 401
server
.on(
"/auth-custom", HTTP_GET,
[](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
String buffer = "Hello ";
buffer.concat(request->getAttribute("user"));
buffer.concat(" with role: ");
buffer.concat(request->getAttribute("role"));
request->send(200, "text/plain", buffer);
}
)
.addMiddlewares({&complexAuth, &authz});
// Bearer authentication with a shared key
// curl -v -H "Authorization: Bearer shared-secret-key" http://192.168.4.1/auth-bearer-shared-key => OK
server
.on(
"/auth-bearer-shared-key", HTTP_GET,
[](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
request->send(200, "text/plain", "Hello, world!");
}
)
.addMiddleware(&bearerAuthSharedKey);
// Bearer authentication with a JWT token
// curl -v -H "Authorization: Bearer <token>" http://192.168.4.1/auth-bearer-jwt => OK
// curl -v -H "Authorization: Bearer <another token>" http://192.168.4.1/auth-bearer-jwt => 403 Forbidden
// curl -v -H "Authorization: Bearer invalid-token" http://192.168.4.1/auth-bearer-jwt => 401 Unauthorized
server
.on(
"/auth-bearer-jwt", HTTP_GET,
[](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
Serial.println("User: " + request->getAttribute("user"));
Serial.println("Role: " + request->getAttribute("role"));
request->send(200, "text/plain", "Hello, world!");
}
)
.addMiddlewares({&bearerAuthJWT, &authz});
server.begin();
}
// not needed
void loop() {
delay(100);
}

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// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
//
// How to use CORS middleware
//
#include <Arduino.h>
#if defined(ESP32) || defined(LIBRETINY)
#include <AsyncTCP.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#elif defined(ESP8266)
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <ESPAsyncTCP.h>
#elif defined(TARGET_RP2040) || defined(TARGET_RP2350) || defined(PICO_RP2040) || defined(PICO_RP2350)
#include <RPAsyncTCP.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#endif
#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
static AsyncWebServer server(80);
static AsyncCorsMiddleware cors;
void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
#if SOC_WIFI_SUPPORTED || CONFIG_ESP_WIFI_REMOTE_ENABLED || LT_ARD_HAS_WIFI || CONFIG_ESP32_WIFI_ENABLED
WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP);
WiFi.softAP("esp-captive");
#endif
cors.setOrigin("http://192.168.4.1");
cors.setMethods("POST, GET, OPTIONS, DELETE");
cors.setHeaders("X-Custom-Header");
cors.setAllowCredentials(false);
cors.setMaxAge(600);
server.addMiddleware(&cors);
// Test CORS preflight request
// curl -v -X OPTIONS -H "origin: http://192.168.4.1" http://192.168.4.1/cors
//
// Test CORS request
// curl -v -H "origin: http://192.168.4.1" http://192.168.4.1/cors
//
// Test non-CORS request
// curl -v http://192.168.4.1/cors
//
server.on("/cors", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
request->send(200, "text/plain", "Hello, world!");
});
server.begin();
}
// not needed
void loop() {
delay(100);
}

View file

@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
#include <DNSServer.h>
#if defined(ESP32) || defined(LIBRETINY)
#include <AsyncTCP.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#elif defined(ESP8266)
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <ESPAsyncTCP.h>
#elif defined(TARGET_RP2040) || defined(TARGET_RP2350) || defined(PICO_RP2040) || defined(PICO_RP2350)
#include <RPAsyncTCP.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#endif
#include "ESPAsyncWebServer.h"
static DNSServer dnsServer;
static AsyncWebServer server(80);
class CaptiveRequestHandler : public AsyncWebHandler {
public:
bool canHandle(__unused AsyncWebServerRequest *request) const override {
return true;
}
void handleRequest(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
AsyncResponseStream *response = request->beginResponseStream("text/html");
response->print("<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><title>Captive Portal</title></head><body>");
response->print("<p>This is our captive portal front page.</p>");
response->printf("<p>You were trying to reach: http://%s%s</p>", request->host().c_str(), request->url().c_str());
#if SOC_WIFI_SUPPORTED || CONFIG_ESP_WIFI_REMOTE_ENABLED || LT_ARD_HAS_WIFI || CONFIG_ESP32_WIFI_ENABLED
response->printf("<p>Try opening <a href='http://%s'>this link</a> instead</p>", WiFi.softAPIP().toString().c_str());
#endif
response->print("</body></html>");
request->send(response);
}
};
void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
Serial.println();
Serial.println("Configuring access point...");
#if SOC_WIFI_SUPPORTED || CONFIG_ESP_WIFI_REMOTE_ENABLED || LT_ARD_HAS_WIFI || CONFIG_ESP32_WIFI_ENABLED
if (!WiFi.softAP("esp-captive")) {
Serial.println("Soft AP creation failed.");
while (1);
}
dnsServer.start(53, "*", WiFi.softAPIP());
#endif
server.addHandler(new CaptiveRequestHandler()).setFilter(ON_AP_FILTER); // only when requested from AP
// more handlers...
server.begin();
}
void loop() {
dnsServer.processNextRequest();
}

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// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
//
// Shows how to catch all requests and send a 404 Not Found response
//
#include <Arduino.h>
#if defined(ESP32) || defined(LIBRETINY)
#include <AsyncTCP.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#elif defined(ESP8266)
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <ESPAsyncTCP.h>
#elif defined(TARGET_RP2040) || defined(TARGET_RP2350) || defined(PICO_RP2040) || defined(PICO_RP2350)
#include <RPAsyncTCP.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#endif
#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
static AsyncWebServer server(80);
static const char *htmlContent PROGMEM = R"(
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Sample HTML</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Hello, World!</h1>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
</body>
</html>
)";
static const size_t htmlContentLength = strlen_P(htmlContent);
void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
#if SOC_WIFI_SUPPORTED || CONFIG_ESP_WIFI_REMOTE_ENABLED || LT_ARD_HAS_WIFI || CONFIG_ESP32_WIFI_ENABLED
WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP);
WiFi.softAP("esp-captive");
#endif
// curl -v http://192.168.4.1/
server.on("/", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
// need to cast to uint8_t*
// if you do not, the const char* will be copied in a temporary String buffer
request->send(200, "text/html", (uint8_t *)htmlContent, htmlContentLength);
});
// catch any request, and send a 404 Not Found response
// except for /game_log which is handled by onRequestBody
//
// curl -v http://192.168.4.1/foo
//
server.onNotFound([](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
if (request->url() == "/game_log") {
return; // response object already created by onRequestBody
}
request->send(404, "text/plain", "Not found");
});
// See: https://github.com/ESP32Async/ESPAsyncWebServer/issues/6
// catch any POST request and send a 200 OK response
//
// curl -v -X POST http://192.168.4.1/game_log -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"game": "test"}'
//
server.onRequestBody([](AsyncWebServerRequest *request, uint8_t *data, size_t len, size_t index, size_t total) {
if (request->url() == "/game_log") {
request->send(200, "application/json", "{\"status\":\"OK\"}");
}
// note that there is no else here: the goal is only to prepare a response based on some body content
// onNotFound will always be called after this, and will not override the response object if `/game_log` is requested
});
server.begin();
}
// not needed
void loop() {
delay(100);
}

View file

@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
//
// Chunk response with caching example
//
#include <Arduino.h>
#if defined(ESP32) || defined(LIBRETINY)
#include <AsyncTCP.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#elif defined(ESP8266)
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <ESPAsyncTCP.h>
#elif defined(TARGET_RP2040) || defined(TARGET_RP2350) || defined(PICO_RP2040) || defined(PICO_RP2350)
#include <RPAsyncTCP.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#endif
#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
static AsyncWebServer server(80);
static const char *htmlContent PROGMEM = R"(
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Sample HTML</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Hello, World!</h1>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
</body>
</html>
)";
static const size_t htmlContentLength = strlen_P(htmlContent);
void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
#if SOC_WIFI_SUPPORTED || CONFIG_ESP_WIFI_REMOTE_ENABLED || LT_ARD_HAS_WIFI || CONFIG_ESP32_WIFI_ENABLED
WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP);
WiFi.softAP("esp-captive");
#endif
// first time: serves the file and cache headers
// curl -N -v http://192.168.4.1/ --output -
//
// second time: serves 304
// curl -N -v -H "if-none-match: 4272" http://192.168.4.1/ --output -
//
server.on("/", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
String etag = String(htmlContentLength);
if (request->header(asyncsrv::T_INM) == etag) {
request->send(304);
return;
}
AsyncWebServerResponse *response = request->beginChunkedResponse("text/html", [](uint8_t *buffer, size_t maxLen, size_t index) -> size_t {
Serial.printf("%u / %u\n", index, htmlContentLength);
// finished ?
if (htmlContentLength <= index) {
Serial.println("finished");
return 0;
}
// serve a maximum of 256 or maxLen bytes of the remaining content
// this small number is specifically chosen to demonstrate the chunking
// DO NOT USE SUCH SMALL NUMBER IN PRODUCTION
// Reducing the chunk size will increase the response time, thus reducing the server's capacity in processing concurrent requests
const int chunkSize = min((size_t)256, min(maxLen, htmlContentLength - index));
Serial.printf("sending: %u\n", chunkSize);
memcpy(buffer, htmlContent + index, chunkSize);
return chunkSize;
});
response->addHeader(asyncsrv::T_Cache_Control, "public,max-age=60");
response->addHeader(asyncsrv::T_ETag, etag);
request->send(response);
});
server.begin();
}
void loop() {
delay(100);
}

View file

@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
//
// Shows how to wait in a chunk response for incoming data
//
#include <Arduino.h>
#if defined(ESP32) || defined(LIBRETINY)
#include <AsyncTCP.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#elif defined(ESP8266)
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <ESPAsyncTCP.h>
#elif defined(TARGET_RP2040) || defined(TARGET_RP2350) || defined(PICO_RP2040) || defined(PICO_RP2350)
#include <RPAsyncTCP.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#endif
#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
static const char *htmlContent PROGMEM = R"(
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Sample HTML</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Hello, World!</h1>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
</body>
</html>
)";
static const size_t htmlContentLength = strlen_P(htmlContent);
static AsyncWebServer server(80);
static AsyncLoggingMiddleware requestLogger;
static String triggerUART;
static int key = -1;
void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
#if SOC_WIFI_SUPPORTED || CONFIG_ESP_WIFI_REMOTE_ENABLED || LT_ARD_HAS_WIFI || CONFIG_ESP32_WIFI_ENABLED
WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP);
WiFi.softAP("esp-captive");
#endif
// adds some internal request logging for debugging
requestLogger.setEnabled(true);
requestLogger.setOutput(Serial);
server.addMiddleware(&requestLogger);
#if ASYNC_JSON_SUPPORT == 1
//
// HOW TO RUN THIS EXAMPLE:
//
// 1. Trigger a request that will be blocked for a long time:
// > time curl -v -X POST http://192.168.4.1/api -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"input": "Please type a key to continue in Serial console..."}' --output -
//
// 2. While waiting, in another terminal, run some concurrent requests:
// > time curl -v http://192.168.4.1/
//
// 3. Type a key in the Serial console to continue the processing within 30 seconds.
// This should unblock the first request.
//
server.on("/", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
// need to cast to uint8_t*
// if you do not, the const char* will be copied in a temporary String buffer
request->send(200, "text/html", (uint8_t *)htmlContent, htmlContentLength);
});
server.on(
"/api", HTTP_POST,
[](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
// request parsing has finished
String *data = (String *)request->_tempObject;
if (!data) {
request->send(400);
return;
}
// no data ?
if (!data->length()) {
delete data;
request->_tempObject = nullptr;
request->send(400);
return;
}
JsonDocument doc;
// deserialize and check for errors
if (deserializeJson(doc, *data)) {
delete data;
request->_tempObject = nullptr;
request->send(400);
return;
}
delete data;
request->_tempObject = nullptr;
// start UART com: UART will send the data to the Serial console and wait for the key press
triggerUART = doc["input"].as<const char *>();
key = -1;
AsyncWebServerResponse *response = request->beginChunkedResponse("text/plain", [](uint8_t *buffer, size_t maxLen, size_t index) -> size_t {
// still waiting for UARY ?
if (triggerUART.length() && key == -1) {
return RESPONSE_TRY_AGAIN;
}
// finished ?
if (!triggerUART.length() && key == -1) {
return 0; // 0 means we are done
}
// async_ws_log_d("UART answered!");
String answer = "You typed: ";
answer.concat((char)key);
// note: I did not check for maxLen, but you should (see ChunkResponse.ino)
memcpy(buffer, answer.c_str(), answer.length());
// finish!
triggerUART = emptyString;
key = -1;
return answer.length();
});
request->send(response);
},
NULL, // upload handler is not used so it should be NULL
[](AsyncWebServerRequest *request, uint8_t *data, size_t len, size_t index, size_t total) {
// async_ws_log_d("Body: index: %u, len: %u, total: %u", index, len, total);
if (!index) {
// async_ws_log_d("Start body parsing");
request->_tempObject = new String();
// cast request->_tempObject pointer to String and reserve total size
((String *)request->_tempObject)->reserve(total);
// set timeout 30s
request->client()->setRxTimeout(30);
}
// async_ws_log_d("Append body data");
((String *)request->_tempObject)->concat((const char *)data, len);
}
);
#endif
server.begin();
}
void loop() {
if (triggerUART.length() && key == -1) {
Serial.println(triggerUART);
// async_ws_log_d("Waiting for UART input...");
while (!Serial.available()) {
delay(100);
}
key = Serial.read();
Serial.flush();
// async_ws_log_d("UART input: %c", key);
triggerUART = emptyString;
}
}

View file

@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
//
// https://github.com/ESP32Async/ESPAsyncWebServer/discussions/23
//
#include <Arduino.h>
#if defined(ESP32) || defined(LIBRETINY)
#include <AsyncTCP.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#elif defined(ESP8266)
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <ESPAsyncTCP.h>
#elif defined(TARGET_RP2040) || defined(TARGET_RP2350) || defined(PICO_RP2040) || defined(PICO_RP2350)
#include <RPAsyncTCP.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#endif
#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
static AsyncWebServer server(80);
void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
#if SOC_WIFI_SUPPORTED || CONFIG_ESP_WIFI_REMOTE_ENABLED || LT_ARD_HAS_WIFI || CONFIG_ESP32_WIFI_ENABLED
WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP);
WiFi.softAP("esp-captive");
#endif
server.on("/", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
request->send(200, "text/plain", "Hello, world");
});
server.begin();
Serial.println("begin() - run: curl -v http://192.168.4.1/ => should succeed");
delay(10000);
Serial.println("end()");
server.end();
server.begin();
Serial.println("begin() - run: curl -v http://192.168.4.1/ => should succeed");
}
// not needed
void loop() {
delay(100);
}

View file

@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
//
// Shows how to use setFilter to route requests to different handlers based on WiFi mode
//
#include <DNSServer.h>
#if defined(ESP32) || defined(LIBRETINY)
#include <AsyncTCP.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#elif defined(ESP8266)
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <ESPAsyncTCP.h>
#elif defined(TARGET_RP2040) || defined(TARGET_RP2350) || defined(PICO_RP2040) || defined(PICO_RP2350)
#include <RPAsyncTCP.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#endif
#include "ESPAsyncWebServer.h"
static DNSServer dnsServer;
static AsyncWebServer server(80);
class CaptiveRequestHandler : public AsyncWebHandler {
public:
bool canHandle(__unused AsyncWebServerRequest *request) const override {
return true;
}
void handleRequest(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) override {
AsyncResponseStream *response = request->beginResponseStream("text/html");
response->print("<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><title>Captive Portal</title></head><body>");
response->print("<p>This is out captive portal front page.</p>");
response->printf("<p>You were trying to reach: http://%s%s</p>", request->host().c_str(), request->url().c_str());
#if SOC_WIFI_SUPPORTED || CONFIG_ESP_WIFI_REMOTE_ENABLED || LT_ARD_HAS_WIFI || CONFIG_ESP32_WIFI_ENABLED
response->printf("<p>Try opening <a href='http://%s'>this link</a> instead</p>", WiFi.softAPIP().toString().c_str());
#endif
response->print("</body></html>");
request->send(response);
}
};
bool hit1 = false;
bool hit2 = false;
void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
server
.on(
"/", HTTP_GET,
[](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
Serial.println("Captive portal request...");
#if SOC_WIFI_SUPPORTED || CONFIG_ESP_WIFI_REMOTE_ENABLED || LT_ARD_HAS_WIFI || CONFIG_ESP32_WIFI_ENABLED
Serial.println("WiFi.localIP(): " + WiFi.localIP().toString());
#endif
Serial.println("request->client()->localIP(): " + request->client()->localIP().toString());
#if ESP_IDF_VERSION_MAJOR >= 5
#if SOC_WIFI_SUPPORTED || CONFIG_ESP_WIFI_REMOTE_ENABLED || LT_ARD_HAS_WIFI || CONFIG_ESP32_WIFI_ENABLED
Serial.println("WiFi.type(): " + String((int)WiFi.localIP().type()));
#endif
Serial.println("request->client()->type(): " + String((int)request->client()->localIP().type()));
#endif
#if SOC_WIFI_SUPPORTED || CONFIG_ESP_WIFI_REMOTE_ENABLED || LT_ARD_HAS_WIFI || CONFIG_ESP32_WIFI_ENABLED
Serial.println(WiFi.localIP() == request->client()->localIP() ? "should be: ON_STA_FILTER" : "should be: ON_AP_FILTER");
Serial.println(WiFi.localIP() == request->client()->localIP());
Serial.println(WiFi.localIP().toString() == request->client()->localIP().toString());
#endif
request->send(200, "text/plain", "This is the captive portal");
hit1 = true;
}
)
.setFilter(ON_AP_FILTER);
server
.on(
"/", HTTP_GET,
[](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
Serial.println("Website request...");
#if SOC_WIFI_SUPPORTED || CONFIG_ESP_WIFI_REMOTE_ENABLED || LT_ARD_HAS_WIFI || CONFIG_ESP32_WIFI_ENABLED
Serial.println("WiFi.localIP(): " + WiFi.localIP().toString());
#endif
Serial.println("request->client()->localIP(): " + request->client()->localIP().toString());
#if ESP_IDF_VERSION_MAJOR >= 5
#if SOC_WIFI_SUPPORTED || CONFIG_ESP_WIFI_REMOTE_ENABLED || LT_ARD_HAS_WIFI || CONFIG_ESP32_WIFI_ENABLED
Serial.println("WiFi.type(): " + String((int)WiFi.localIP().type()));
#endif
Serial.println("request->client()->type(): " + String((int)request->client()->localIP().type()));
#endif
#if SOC_WIFI_SUPPORTED || CONFIG_ESP_WIFI_REMOTE_ENABLED || LT_ARD_HAS_WIFI || CONFIG_ESP32_WIFI_ENABLED
Serial.println(WiFi.localIP() == request->client()->localIP() ? "should be: ON_STA_FILTER" : "should be: ON_AP_FILTER");
Serial.println(WiFi.localIP() == request->client()->localIP());
Serial.println(WiFi.localIP().toString() == request->client()->localIP().toString());
#endif
request->send(200, "text/plain", "This is the website");
hit2 = true;
}
)
.setFilter(ON_STA_FILTER);
// assert(WiFi.softAP("esp-captive-portal"));
// dnsServer.start(53, "*", WiFi.softAPIP());
// server.begin();
// Serial.println("Captive portal started!");
// while (!hit1) {
// dnsServer.processNextRequest();
// yield();
// }
// delay(1000); // Wait for the client to process the response
// Serial.println("Captive portal opened, stopping it and connecting to WiFi...");
// dnsServer.stop();
// WiFi.softAPdisconnect();
#if SOC_WIFI_SUPPORTED || CONFIG_ESP_WIFI_REMOTE_ENABLED || LT_ARD_HAS_WIFI || CONFIG_ESP32_WIFI_ENABLED
WiFi.persistent(false);
WiFi.begin("IoT");
while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
delay(500);
}
Serial.println("Connected to WiFi with IP address: " + WiFi.localIP().toString());
#endif
server.begin();
// while (!hit2) {
// delay(10);
// }
// delay(1000); // Wait for the client to process the response
// ESP.restart();
}
void loop() {
delay(100);
}

View file

@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
//
// Shows how to serve a large HTML page from flash memory without copying it to heap in a temporary buffer
//
#include <Arduino.h>
#if defined(ESP32) || defined(LIBRETINY)
#include <AsyncTCP.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#elif defined(ESP8266)
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <ESPAsyncTCP.h>
#elif defined(TARGET_RP2040) || defined(TARGET_RP2350) || defined(PICO_RP2040) || defined(PICO_RP2350)
#include <RPAsyncTCP.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#endif
#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
static AsyncWebServer server(80);
static const char *htmlContent PROGMEM = R"(
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Sample HTML</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Hello, World!</h1>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
</body>
</html>
)";
static const size_t htmlContentLength = strlen_P(htmlContent);
void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
#if SOC_WIFI_SUPPORTED || CONFIG_ESP_WIFI_REMOTE_ENABLED || LT_ARD_HAS_WIFI || CONFIG_ESP32_WIFI_ENABLED
WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP);
WiFi.softAP("esp-captive");
#endif
// curl -v http://192.168.4.1/
server.on("/", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
// need to cast to uint8_t*
// if you do not, the const char* will be copied in a temporary String buffer
request->send(200, "text/html", (uint8_t *)htmlContent, htmlContentLength);
});
server.begin();
}
// not needed
void loop() {
delay(100);
}

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@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
//
// Show how to manipulate headers in the request / response
//
#include <Arduino.h>
#if defined(ESP32) || defined(LIBRETINY)
#include <AsyncTCP.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#elif defined(ESP8266)
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <ESPAsyncTCP.h>
#elif defined(TARGET_RP2040) || defined(TARGET_RP2350) || defined(PICO_RP2040) || defined(PICO_RP2350)
#include <RPAsyncTCP.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#endif
#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
static AsyncWebServer server(80);
// request logger
static AsyncLoggingMiddleware requestLogger;
// filter out specific headers from the incoming request
static AsyncHeaderFilterMiddleware headerFilter;
// remove all headers from the incoming request except the ones provided in the constructor
AsyncHeaderFreeMiddleware headerFree;
void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
#if SOC_WIFI_SUPPORTED || CONFIG_ESP_WIFI_REMOTE_ENABLED || LT_ARD_HAS_WIFI || CONFIG_ESP32_WIFI_ENABLED
WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP);
WiFi.softAP("esp-captive");
#endif
requestLogger.setEnabled(true);
requestLogger.setOutput(Serial);
headerFilter.filter("X-Remove-Me");
headerFree.keep("X-Keep-Me");
headerFree.keep("host");
server.addMiddlewares({&requestLogger, &headerFilter});
// x-remove-me header will be removed
//
// curl -v -H "X-Header: Foo" -H "x-remove-me: value" http://192.168.4.1/remove
//
server.on("/remove", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
// print all headers
for (size_t i = 0; i < request->headers(); i++) {
const AsyncWebHeader *h = request->getHeader(i);
Serial.printf("Header[%s]: %s\n", h->name().c_str(), h->value().c_str());
}
request->send(200, "text/plain", "Hello, world!");
});
// Only headers x-keep-me and host will be kept
//
// curl -v -H "x-keep-me: value" -H "x-remove-me: value" http://192.168.4.1/keep
//
server
.on(
"/keep", HTTP_GET,
[](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
// print all headers
for (size_t i = 0; i < request->headers(); i++) {
const AsyncWebHeader *h = request->getHeader(i);
Serial.printf("Header[%s]: %s\n", h->name().c_str(), h->value().c_str());
}
request->send(200, "text/plain", "Hello, world!");
}
)
.addMiddleware(&headerFree);
// curl -v http://192.168.4.1/
server.on("/", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
AsyncWebServerResponse *response = request->beginResponse(200, "text/plain", "Hello, world!");
response->addHeader(AsyncWebHeader::parse("X-Test-1: value1"));
response->addHeader(AsyncWebHeader::parse("X-Test-2:value2"));
response->addHeader(AsyncWebHeader::parse("X-Test-3:"));
response->addHeader(AsyncWebHeader::parse("X-Test-4: "));
response->addHeader(AsyncWebHeader::parse(""));
response->addHeader(AsyncWebHeader::parse(":"));
request->send(response);
/**
< HTTP/1.1 200 OK
< connection: close
< X-Test-1: value1
< X-Test-2: value2
< X-Test-3:
< X-Test-4:
< accept-ranges: none
< content-length: 13
< content-type: text/plain
*/
});
server.begin();
}
// not needed
void loop() {
delay(100);
}

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// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
//
// Query and send headers
//
#include <Arduino.h>
#if defined(ESP32) || defined(LIBRETINY)
#include <AsyncTCP.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#elif defined(ESP8266)
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <ESPAsyncTCP.h>
#elif defined(TARGET_RP2040) || defined(TARGET_RP2350) || defined(PICO_RP2040) || defined(PICO_RP2350)
#include <RPAsyncTCP.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#endif
#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
static AsyncWebServer server(80);
void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
#if SOC_WIFI_SUPPORTED || CONFIG_ESP_WIFI_REMOTE_ENABLED || LT_ARD_HAS_WIFI || CONFIG_ESP32_WIFI_ENABLED
WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP);
WiFi.softAP("esp-captive");
#endif
//
// curl -v http://192.168.4.1
//
server.on("/", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
//List all collected headers
int headers = request->headers();
int i;
for (i = 0; i < headers; i++) {
const AsyncWebHeader *h = request->getHeader(i);
Serial.printf("HEADER[%s]: %s\n", h->name().c_str(), h->value().c_str());
}
AsyncWebServerResponse *response = request->beginResponse(200, "text/plain", "Hello World!");
//Add header to the response
response->addHeader("Server", "ESP Async Web Server");
//Add multiple headers with the same name
response->addHeader("Set-Cookie", "sessionId=38afes7a8", false);
response->addHeader("Set-Cookie", "id=a3fWa; Max-Age=2592000", false);
response->addHeader("Set-Cookie", "qwerty=219ffwef9w0f; Domain=example.com", false);
//Remove specific header
response->removeHeader("Set-Cookie", "sessionId=38afes7a8");
//Remove all headers with the same name
response->removeHeader("Set-Cookie");
request->send(response);
});
server.begin();
}
void loop() {
//Sleep in the loop task to not keep the CPU busy
delay(1000);
}

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// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
//
// Shows how to send and receive Json data
//
#include <Arduino.h>
#if defined(ESP32) || defined(LIBRETINY)
#include <AsyncTCP.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#elif defined(ESP8266)
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <ESPAsyncTCP.h>
#elif defined(TARGET_RP2040) || defined(TARGET_RP2350) || defined(PICO_RP2040) || defined(PICO_RP2350)
#include <RPAsyncTCP.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#endif
#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
static AsyncWebServer server(80);
#if ASYNC_JSON_SUPPORT == 1
static AsyncCallbackJsonWebHandler *handler = new AsyncCallbackJsonWebHandler("/json2");
#endif
void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
#if SOC_WIFI_SUPPORTED || CONFIG_ESP_WIFI_REMOTE_ENABLED || LT_ARD_HAS_WIFI || CONFIG_ESP32_WIFI_ENABLED
WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP);
WiFi.softAP("esp-captive");
#endif
#if ASYNC_JSON_SUPPORT == 1
//
// sends JSON using AsyncJsonResponse
//
// curl -v http://192.168.4.1/json1
//
server.on("/json1", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
AsyncJsonResponse *response = new AsyncJsonResponse();
JsonObject root = response->getRoot().to<JsonObject>();
root["hello"] = "world";
response->setLength();
request->send(response);
});
// Send JSON using AsyncResponseStream
//
// curl -v http://192.168.4.1/json2
//
server.on("/json2", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
AsyncResponseStream *response = request->beginResponseStream("application/json");
JsonDocument doc;
JsonObject root = doc.to<JsonObject>();
root["foo"] = "bar";
serializeJson(root, *response);
Serial.println();
request->send(response);
});
// curl -v -X POST -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d '{"name":"You"}' http://192.168.4.1/json2
// curl -v -X PUT -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d '{"name":"You"}' http://192.168.4.1/json2
//
// edge cases:
//
// curl -v -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d "1234" -H "Content-Length: 5" http://192.168.4.1/json2 => rx timeout
// curl -v -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d "1234" -H "Content-Length: 2" http://192.168.4.1/json2 => 12
// curl -v -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d "1234" -H "Content-Length: 4" http://192.168.4.1/json2 => 1234
// curl -v -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d "1234" -H "Content-Length: 10" http://192.168.4.1/json2 => rx timeout
// curl -v -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d "12345678" -H "Content-Length: 8" http://192.168.4.1/json2 => 12345678
// curl -v -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d "123456789" -H "Content-Length: 8" http://192.168.4.1/json2 => 12345678
// curl -v -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d "123456789" -H "Content-Length: 9" http://192.168.4.1/json2 => 413: Content length exceeds maximum allowed
handler->setMaxContentLength(8);
handler->setMethod(HTTP_POST | HTTP_PUT);
handler->onRequest([](AsyncWebServerRequest *request, JsonVariant &json) {
serializeJson(json, Serial);
Serial.println();
AsyncJsonResponse *response = new AsyncJsonResponse();
JsonObject root = response->getRoot().to<JsonObject>();
root["hello"] = json.as<JsonObject>()["name"];
response->setLength();
request->send(response);
});
server.addHandler(handler);
// New Json API since 3.8.2, which works for both Json and MessagePack bodies
// curl -v -X POST -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d '{"name":"You"}' http://192.168.4.1/json3
server.on("/json3", HTTP_POST, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request, JsonVariant &json) {
Serial.printf("Body request : ");
serializeJson(json, Serial);
Serial.println();
AsyncJsonResponse *response = new AsyncJsonResponse();
JsonObject root = response->getRoot().to<JsonObject>();
root["hello"] = json.as<JsonObject>()["name"];
response->setLength();
request->send(response);
});
#endif
server.begin();
}
// not needed
void loop() {
delay(100);
}

View file

@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
//
// Example to send a large response and control the filling of the buffer.
//
// This is also a MRE for:
// - https://github.com/ESP32Async/ESPAsyncWebServer/issues/242
// - https://github.com/ESP32Async/ESPAsyncWebServer/issues/315
//
#include <Arduino.h>
#if defined(ESP32) || defined(LIBRETINY)
#include <AsyncTCP.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#elif defined(ESP8266)
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <ESPAsyncTCP.h>
#elif defined(TARGET_RP2040) || defined(TARGET_RP2350) || defined(PICO_RP2040) || defined(PICO_RP2350)
#include <RPAsyncTCP.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#endif
#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
static AsyncWebServer server(80);
static const size_t totalResponseSize = 16 * 1000; // 16 KB
static char fillChar = 'A';
class CustomResponse : public AsyncAbstractResponse {
public:
explicit CustomResponse() {
_code = 200;
_contentType = "text/plain";
_sendContentLength = false;
}
bool _sourceValid() const override {
return true;
}
size_t _fillBuffer(uint8_t *buf, size_t buflen) override {
if (_sent == RESPONSE_TRY_AGAIN) {
Serial.println("Simulating temporary unavailability of data...");
_sent = 0;
return RESPONSE_TRY_AGAIN;
}
size_t remaining = totalResponseSize - _sent;
if (remaining == 0) {
return 0;
}
if (buflen > remaining) {
buflen = remaining;
}
Serial.printf("Filling '%c' @ sent: %u, buflen: %u\n", fillChar, _sent, buflen);
std::fill_n(buf, buflen, static_cast<uint8_t>(fillChar));
_sent += buflen;
fillChar = (fillChar == 'Z') ? 'A' : fillChar + 1;
return buflen;
}
private:
char fillChar = 'A';
size_t _sent = 0;
};
// Code to reproduce issues:
// - https://github.com/ESP32Async/ESPAsyncWebServer/issues/242
// - https://github.com/ESP32Async/ESPAsyncWebServer/issues/315
//
// https://github.com/ESP32Async/ESPAsyncWebServer/pull/317#issuecomment-3421141039
//
// I cracked it.
// So this is how it works:
// That space that _tcp is writing to identified by CONFIG_TCP_SND_BUF_DEFAULT (and is value-matching with default TCP windows size which is very confusing itself).
// The space returned by client()->write() and client->space() somehow might not be atomically/thread synced (had not dived that deep yet). So if first call to _fillBuffer is done via user-code thread and ended up with some small amount of data consumed and second one is done by _poll or _ack? returns full size again! This is where old code fails.
// If you change your class this way it will fail 100%.
class CustomResponseMRE : public AsyncAbstractResponse {
public:
explicit CustomResponseMRE() {
_code = 200;
_contentType = "text/plain";
_sendContentLength = false;
// add some useless headers
addHeader("Clear-Site-Data", "Clears browsing data (e.g., cookies, storage, cache) associated with the requesting website.");
addHeader(
"No-Vary-Search", "Specifies a set of rules that define how a URL's query parameters will affect cache matching. These rules dictate whether the same "
"URL with different URL parameters should be saved as separate browser cache entries"
);
}
bool _sourceValid() const override {
return true;
}
size_t _fillBuffer(uint8_t *buf, size_t buflen) override {
if (fillChar == NULL) {
fillChar = 'A';
return RESPONSE_TRY_AGAIN;
}
if (_sent == RESPONSE_TRY_AGAIN) {
Serial.println("Simulating temporary unavailability of data...");
_sent = 0;
return RESPONSE_TRY_AGAIN;
}
size_t remaining = totalResponseSize - _sent;
if (remaining == 0) {
return 0;
}
if (buflen > remaining) {
buflen = remaining;
}
Serial.printf("Filling '%c' @ sent: %u, buflen: %u\n", fillChar, _sent, buflen);
std::fill_n(buf, buflen, static_cast<uint8_t>(fillChar));
_sent += buflen;
fillChar = (fillChar == 'Z') ? 'A' : fillChar + 1;
return buflen;
}
private:
char fillChar = NULL;
size_t _sent = 0;
};
void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
#if SOC_WIFI_SUPPORTED || CONFIG_ESP_WIFI_REMOTE_ENABLED || LT_ARD_HAS_WIFI || CONFIG_ESP32_WIFI_ENABLED
WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP);
WiFi.softAP("esp-captive");
#endif
// Example to use a AwsResponseFiller
//
// curl -v http://192.168.4.1/1 | grep -o '.' | sort | uniq -c
//
// Should output 16000 and a distribution of letters which is the same in ESP32 logs and console
//
server.on("/1", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
fillChar = 'A';
AsyncWebServerResponse *response = request->beginResponse("text/plain", totalResponseSize, [](uint8_t *buffer, size_t maxLen, size_t index) -> size_t {
size_t remaining = totalResponseSize - index;
size_t toSend = (remaining < maxLen) ? remaining : maxLen;
Serial.printf("Filling '%c' @ index: %u, maxLen: %u, toSend: %u\n", fillChar, index, maxLen, toSend);
std::fill_n(buffer, toSend, static_cast<uint8_t>(fillChar));
fillChar = (fillChar == 'Z') ? 'A' : fillChar + 1;
return toSend;
});
request->send(response);
});
// Example to use a AsyncAbstractResponse
//
// curl -v http://192.168.4.1/2 | grep -o '.' | sort | uniq -c
//
// Should output 16000 and a distribution of letters which is the same in ESP32 logs and console
//
server.on("/2", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
request->send(new CustomResponse());
});
// Example to use a AsyncAbstractResponse
//
// curl -v http://192.168.4.1/3 | grep -o '.' | sort | uniq -c
//
// Should output 16000 and a distribution of letters which is the same in ESP32 logs and console
//
server.on("/3", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
request->send(new CustomResponseMRE());
});
server.begin();
}
void loop() {
delay(100);
}

View file

@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
//
// Show how to log the incoming request and response as a curl-like syntax
//
#include <Arduino.h>
#if defined(ESP32) || defined(LIBRETINY)
#include <AsyncTCP.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#elif defined(ESP8266)
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <ESPAsyncTCP.h>
#elif defined(TARGET_RP2040) || defined(TARGET_RP2350) || defined(PICO_RP2040) || defined(PICO_RP2350)
#include <RPAsyncTCP.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#endif
#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
static AsyncWebServer server(80);
static AsyncLoggingMiddleware requestLogger;
void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
#if SOC_WIFI_SUPPORTED || CONFIG_ESP_WIFI_REMOTE_ENABLED || LT_ARD_HAS_WIFI || CONFIG_ESP32_WIFI_ENABLED
WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP);
WiFi.softAP("esp-captive");
#endif
requestLogger.setEnabled(true);
requestLogger.setOutput(Serial);
server.addMiddleware(&requestLogger);
// curl -v -H "X-Header:Foo" http://192.168.4.1/
server.on("/", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
request->send(200, "text/plain", "Hello, world!");
});
server.begin();
}
// not needed
void loop() {
delay(100);
}

View file

@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
//
// Shows how to send and receive Message Pack data
//
#include <Arduino.h>
#if defined(ESP32) || defined(LIBRETINY)
#include <AsyncTCP.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#elif defined(ESP8266)
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <ESPAsyncTCP.h>
#elif defined(TARGET_RP2040) || defined(TARGET_RP2350) || defined(PICO_RP2040) || defined(PICO_RP2350)
#include <RPAsyncTCP.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#endif
#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
static AsyncWebServer server(80);
#if ASYNC_JSON_SUPPORT == 1
static AsyncCallbackJsonWebHandler *handler = new AsyncCallbackJsonWebHandler("/msgpack2");
#endif
void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
#if SOC_WIFI_SUPPORTED || CONFIG_ESP_WIFI_REMOTE_ENABLED || LT_ARD_HAS_WIFI || CONFIG_ESP32_WIFI_ENABLED
WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP);
WiFi.softAP("esp-captive");
#endif
#if ASYNC_JSON_SUPPORT == 1
//
// sends MessagePack using AsyncMessagePackResponse
//
// curl -v http://192.168.4.1/msgpack1
//
server.on("/msgpack1", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
AsyncMessagePackResponse *response = new AsyncMessagePackResponse();
JsonObject root = response->getRoot().to<JsonObject>();
root["hello"] = "world";
response->setLength();
request->send(response);
});
// Send MessagePack using AsyncResponseStream
//
// curl -v http://192.168.4.1/msgpack2
//
// Save file: curl -v http://192.168.4.1/msgpack2 -o msgpack.bin
//
server.on("/msgpack2", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
AsyncResponseStream *response = request->beginResponseStream("application/msgpack");
JsonDocument doc;
JsonObject root = doc.to<JsonObject>();
root["name"] = "Bob";
serializeMsgPack(root, *response);
request->send(response);
});
// POST file:
//
// curl -v -X POST -H 'Content-Type: application/msgpack' --data-binary @msgpack.bin http://192.168.4.1/msgpack2
//
handler->setMethod(HTTP_POST | HTTP_PUT);
handler->onRequest([](AsyncWebServerRequest *request, JsonVariant &json) {
Serial.printf("Body request /msgpack2 : "); // should print: Body request /msgpack2 : {"name":"Bob"}
serializeJson(json, Serial);
Serial.println();
AsyncMessagePackResponse *response = new AsyncMessagePackResponse();
JsonObject root = response->getRoot().to<JsonObject>();
root["hello"] = json.as<JsonObject>()["name"];
response->setLength();
request->send(response);
});
server.addHandler(handler);
// New Json API since 3.8.2, which works for both Json and MessagePack bodies
//
// curl -v -X POST -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d '{"name":"You"}' http://192.168.4.1/msgpack3
// curl -v -X POST -H 'Content-Type: application/msgpack' --data-binary @msgpack.bin http://192.168.4.1/msgpack3
//
server.on("/msgpack3", HTTP_POST, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request, JsonVariant &json) {
Serial.printf("Body request /msgpack3 : "); // should print: Body request /msgpack3 : {"name":"Bob"}
serializeJson(json, Serial);
Serial.println();
AsyncJsonResponse *response = new AsyncJsonResponse();
JsonObject root = response->getRoot().to<JsonObject>();
root["hello"] = json.as<JsonObject>()["name"];
response->setLength();
request->send(response);
});
#endif
server.begin();
}
// not needed
void loop() {
delay(100);
}

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// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
//
// Show how to sue Middleware
//
#include <Arduino.h>
#if defined(ESP32) || defined(LIBRETINY)
#include <AsyncTCP.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#elif defined(ESP8266)
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <ESPAsyncTCP.h>
#elif defined(TARGET_RP2040) || defined(TARGET_RP2350) || defined(PICO_RP2040) || defined(PICO_RP2350)
#include <RPAsyncTCP.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#endif
#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
static AsyncWebServer server(80);
// New middleware classes can be created!
class MyMiddleware : public AsyncMiddleware {
public:
void run(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, ArMiddlewareNext next) override {
Serial.printf("Before handler: %s %s\n", request->methodToString(), request->url().c_str());
next(); // continue middleware chain
Serial.printf("After handler: response code=%d\n", request->getResponse()->code());
}
};
void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
#if SOC_WIFI_SUPPORTED || CONFIG_ESP_WIFI_REMOTE_ENABLED || LT_ARD_HAS_WIFI || CONFIG_ESP32_WIFI_ENABLED
WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP);
WiFi.softAP("esp-captive");
#endif
// add a global middleware to the server
server.addMiddleware(new MyMiddleware());
// Test with:
//
// - curl -v http://192.168.4.1/ => 200 OK
// - curl -v http://192.168.4.1/?user=anon => 403 Forbidden
// - curl -v http://192.168.4.1/?user=foo => 200 OK
// - curl -v http://192.168.4.1/?user=error => 400 ERROR
//
AsyncCallbackWebHandler &handler = server.on("/", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
Serial.printf("In Handler: %s %s\n", request->methodToString(), request->url().c_str());
request->send(200, "text/plain", "Hello, world!");
});
// add a middleware to this handler only to send 403 if the user is anon
handler.addMiddleware([](AsyncWebServerRequest *request, ArMiddlewareNext next) {
Serial.println("Checking user=anon");
if (request->hasParam("user") && request->getParam("user")->value() == "anon") {
request->send(403, "text/plain", "Forbidden");
} else {
next();
}
});
// add a middleware to this handler that will replace the previously created response by another one
handler.addMiddleware([](AsyncWebServerRequest *request, ArMiddlewareNext next) {
next();
Serial.println("Checking user=error");
if (request->hasParam("user") && request->getParam("user")->value() == "error") {
request->send(400, "text/plain", "ERROR");
}
});
server.begin();
}
// not needed
void loop() {
delay(100);
}

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// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
//
// Query parameters and body parameters
//
#include <Arduino.h>
#if defined(ESP32) || defined(LIBRETINY)
#include <AsyncTCP.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#elif defined(ESP8266)
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <ESPAsyncTCP.h>
#elif defined(TARGET_RP2040) || defined(TARGET_RP2350) || defined(PICO_RP2040) || defined(PICO_RP2350)
#include <RPAsyncTCP.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#endif
#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
static AsyncWebServer server(80);
static const char *htmlContent PROGMEM = R"(
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>POST Request with Multiple Parameters</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="http://192.168.4.1" method="POST">
<label for="who">Who?</label>
<input type="text" id="who" name="who" value="Carl"><br>
<label for="g0">g0:</label>
<input type="text" id="g0" name="g0" value="1"><br>
<label for="a0">a0:</label>
<input type="text" id="a0" name="a0" value="2"><br>
<label for="n0">n0:</label>
<input type="text" id="n0" name="n0" value="3"><br>
<label for="t10">t10:</label>
<input type="text" id="t10" name="t10" value="3"><br>
<label for="t20">t20:</label>
<input type="text" id="t20" name="t20" value="4"><br>
<label for="t30">t30:</label>
<input type="text" id="t30" name="t30" value="5"><br>
<label for="t40">t40:</label>
<input type="text" id="t40" name="t40" value="6"><br>
<label for="t50">t50:</label>
<input type="text" id="t50" name="t50" value="7"><br>
<label for="g1">g1:</label>
<input type="text" id="g1" name="g1" value="2"><br>
<label for="a1">a1:</label>
<input type="text" id="a1" name="a1" value="2"><br>
<label for="n1">n1:</label>
<input type="text" id="n1" name="n1" value="3"><br>
<label for="t11">t11:</label>
<input type="text" id="t11" name="t11" value="13"><br>
<label for="t21">t21:</label>
<input type="text" id="t21" name="t21" value="14"><br>
<label for="t31">t31:</label>
<input type="text" id="t31" name="t31" value="15"><br>
<label for="t41">t41:</label>
<input type="text" id="t41" name="t41" value="16"><br>
<label for="t51">t51:</label>
<input type="text" id="t51" name="t51" value="17"><br>
<input type="submit" value="Submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>
)";
static const size_t htmlContentLength = strlen_P(htmlContent);
void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
#if SOC_WIFI_SUPPORTED || CONFIG_ESP_WIFI_REMOTE_ENABLED || LT_ARD_HAS_WIFI || CONFIG_ESP32_WIFI_ENABLED
WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP);
WiFi.softAP("esp-captive");
#endif
// Get query parameters
//
// curl -v http://192.168.4.1/?who=Bob
//
server.on("/", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
if (request->hasParam("who")) {
Serial.printf("Who? %s\n", request->getParam("who")->value().c_str());
}
request->send(200, "text/html", (uint8_t *)htmlContent, htmlContentLength);
});
// Get form body parameters
//
// curl -v -H "Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded" -d "who=Carl" -d "param=value" http://192.168.4.1/
//
server.on("/", HTTP_POST, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
// display params
size_t count = request->params();
for (size_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
const AsyncWebParameter *p = request->getParam(i);
Serial.printf("PARAM[%u]: %s = %s\n", i, p->name().c_str(), p->value().c_str());
}
// get who param
String who;
if (request->hasParam("who", true)) {
who = request->getParam("who", true)->value();
} else {
who = "No message sent";
}
request->send(200, "text/plain", "Hello " + who + "!");
});
server.begin();
}
// not needed
void loop() {
delay(100);
}

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// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
//
// - Download ESP32 partition by name and/or type and/or subtype
// - Support encrypted and non-encrypted partitions
//
#include <Arduino.h>
#if defined(ESP32) || defined(LIBRETINY)
#include <AsyncTCP.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#elif defined(ESP8266)
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <ESPAsyncTCP.h>
#elif defined(TARGET_RP2040) || defined(TARGET_RP2350) || defined(PICO_RP2040) || defined(PICO_RP2350)
#include <RPAsyncTCP.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#endif
#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
#include <LittleFS.h>
#ifndef ESP32
// this example is only for the ESP32
void setup() {}
void loop() {}
#else
#include <esp_partition.h>
static AsyncWebServer server(80);
void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
#if SOC_WIFI_SUPPORTED || CONFIG_ESP_WIFI_REMOTE_ENABLED || LT_ARD_HAS_WIFI || CONFIG_ESP32_WIFI_ENABLED
WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP);
WiFi.softAP("esp-captive");
#endif
LittleFS.begin(true);
// To upload the FS partition, run:
// > pio run -e arduino-3 -t buildfs
// > pio run -e arduino-3 -t uploadfs
//
// Examples:
//
// - Download the partition named "spiffs": http://192.168.4.1/partition?label=spiffs
// - Download the partition named "spiffs" with type "data": http://192.168.4.1/partition?label=spiffs&type=1
// - Download the partition named "spiffs" with type "data" and subtype "spiffs": http://192.168.4.1/partition?label=spiffs&type=1&subtype=130
// - Download the partition with subtype "nvs": http://192.168.4.1/partition?type=1&subtype=2
//
// "type" and "subtype" IDs can be found in esp_partition.h header file.
//
// Add "&raw=false" parameter to download the partition unencrypted (for encrypted partitions).
// By default, the raw partition is downloaded, so if a partition is encrypted, the encrypted data will be downloaded.
//
// To browse a downloaded LittleFS partition, you can use https://tniessen.github.io/littlefs-disk-img-viewer/ (block size is 4096)
//
server.on("/partition", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
const AsyncWebParameter *pLabel = request->getParam("label");
const AsyncWebParameter *pType = request->getParam("type");
const AsyncWebParameter *pSubtype = request->getParam("subtype");
const AsyncWebParameter *pRaw = request->getParam("raw");
if (!pLabel && !pType && !pSubtype) {
request->send(400, "text/plain", "Bad request: missing parameter");
return;
}
esp_partition_type_t type = ESP_PARTITION_TYPE_ANY;
esp_partition_subtype_t subtype = ESP_PARTITION_SUBTYPE_ANY;
const char *label = nullptr;
bool raw = true;
if (pLabel) {
label = pLabel->value().c_str();
}
if (pType) {
type = (esp_partition_type_t)pType->value().toInt();
}
if (pSubtype) {
subtype = (esp_partition_subtype_t)pSubtype->value().toInt();
}
if (pRaw && pRaw->value() == "false") {
raw = false;
}
const esp_partition_t *partition = esp_partition_find_first(type, subtype, label);
if (!partition) {
request->send(404, "text/plain", "Partition not found");
return;
}
AsyncWebServerResponse *response =
request->beginChunkedResponse("application/octet-stream", [partition, raw](uint8_t *buffer, size_t maxLen, size_t index) -> size_t {
const size_t remaining = partition->size - index;
if (!remaining) {
return 0;
}
const size_t len = std::min(maxLen, remaining);
if (raw && esp_partition_read_raw(partition, index, buffer, len) == ESP_OK) {
return len;
}
if (!raw && esp_partition_read(partition, index, buffer, len) == ESP_OK) {
return len;
}
return 0;
});
response->addHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment; filename=" + String(partition->label) + ".bin");
response->setContentLength(partition->size);
request->send(response);
});
server.begin();
}
void loop() {
delay(100);
}
#endif

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@ -0,0 +1,248 @@
// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
//
// Perf tests
//
#include <Arduino.h>
#if defined(ESP32) || defined(LIBRETINY)
#include <AsyncTCP.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#elif defined(ESP8266)
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <ESPAsyncTCP.h>
#elif defined(TARGET_RP2040) || defined(TARGET_RP2350) || defined(PICO_RP2040) || defined(PICO_RP2350)
#include <RPAsyncTCP.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#endif
#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
static const char *htmlContent PROGMEM = R"(
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Sample HTML</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Hello, World!</h1>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
</body>
</html>
)";
static const size_t htmlContentLength = strlen_P(htmlContent);
static constexpr char characters[] = "0123456789ABCDEF";
static size_t charactersIndex = 0;
static AsyncWebServer server(80);
static AsyncEventSource events("/events");
static volatile size_t requests = 0;
void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
#if SOC_WIFI_SUPPORTED || CONFIG_ESP_WIFI_REMOTE_ENABLED || LT_ARD_HAS_WIFI || CONFIG_ESP32_WIFI_ENABLED
WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP);
WiFi.softAP("esp-captive");
#endif
// Pauses in the request parsing phase
//
// autocannon -c 32 -w 32 -a 96 -t 30 --renderStatusCodes -m POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -b '{"foo": "bar"}' http://192.168.4.1/delay
//
// curl -v -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"game": "test"}' http://192.168.4.1/delay
//
server.onNotFound([](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
requests = requests + 1;
if (request->url() == "/delay") {
request->send(200, "application/json", "{\"status\":\"OK\"}");
} else {
request->send(404, "text/plain", "Not found");
}
});
server.onRequestBody([](AsyncWebServerRequest *request, uint8_t *data, size_t len, size_t index, size_t total) {
if (request->url() == "/delay") {
delay(3000);
}
});
// HTTP endpoint
//
// > brew install autocannon
// > autocannon -c 10 -w 10 -d 20 http://192.168.4.1
// > autocannon -c 16 -w 16 -d 20 http://192.168.4.1
//
server.on("/", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
// need to cast to uint8_t*
// if you do not, the const char* will be copied in a temporary String buffer
requests = requests + 1;
request->send(200, "text/html", (uint8_t *)htmlContent, htmlContentLength);
});
// IMPORTANT - DO NOT WRITE SUCH CODE IN PRODUCTON !
//
// This example simulates the slowdown that can happen when:
// - downloading a huge file from sdcard
// - doing some file listing on SDCard because it is horribly slow to get a file listing with file stats on SDCard.
// So in both cases, ESP would deadlock or TWDT would trigger.
//
// This example simulats that by slowing down the chunk callback:
// - d=2000 is the delay in ms in the callback
// - l=10000 is the length of the response
//
// time curl -N -v -G -d 'd=2000' -d 'l=10000' http://192.168.4.1/slow.html --output -
//
// THIS CODE WILL CRASH BECAUSE OF THE WATCHDOG.
// IF YOU REALLY NEED TO DO THIS, YOU MUST DISABLE THE TWDT
//
// CORRECT WAY IS TO USE SSE OR WEBSOCKETS TO DO THE COSTLY PROCESSING ASYNC.
//
server.on("/slow.html", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
requests = requests + 1;
uint32_t d = request->getParam("d")->value().toInt();
uint32_t l = request->getParam("l")->value().toInt();
Serial.printf("d = %" PRIu32 ", l = %" PRIu32 "\n", d, l);
AsyncWebServerResponse *response = request->beginChunkedResponse("text/html", [d, l](uint8_t *buffer, size_t maxLen, size_t index) -> size_t {
Serial.printf("%u\n", index);
// finished ?
if (index >= l) {
return 0;
}
// slow down the task to simulate some heavy processing, like SD card reading
delay(d);
memset(buffer, characters[charactersIndex], 256);
charactersIndex = (charactersIndex + 1) % sizeof(characters);
return 256;
});
request->send(response);
});
// SSS endpoint
//
// launch 16 concurrent workers for 30 seconds
// > for i in {1..10}; do ( count=$(gtimeout 30 curl -s -N -H "Accept: text/event-stream" http://192.168.4.1/events 2>&1 | grep -c "^data:"); echo "Total: $count events, $(echo "$count / 4" | bc -l) events / second" ) & done;
// > for i in {1..16}; do ( count=$(gtimeout 30 curl -s -N -H "Accept: text/event-stream" http://192.168.4.1/events 2>&1 | grep -c "^data:"); echo "Total: $count events, $(echo "$count / 4" | bc -l) events / second" ) & done;
//
// With AsyncTCP, with 16 workers: a lot of "Event message queue overflow: discard message", no crash
//
// Total: 1711 events, 427.75 events / second
// Total: 1711 events, 427.75 events / second
// Total: 1626 events, 406.50 events / second
// Total: 1562 events, 390.50 events / second
// Total: 1706 events, 426.50 events / second
// Total: 1659 events, 414.75 events / second
// Total: 1624 events, 406.00 events / second
// Total: 1706 events, 426.50 events / second
// Total: 1487 events, 371.75 events / second
// Total: 1573 events, 393.25 events / second
// Total: 1569 events, 392.25 events / second
// Total: 1559 events, 389.75 events / second
// Total: 1560 events, 390.00 events / second
// Total: 1562 events, 390.50 events / second
// Total: 1626 events, 406.50 events / second
//
// With AsyncTCP, with 10 workers:
//
// Total: 2038 events, 509.50 events / second
// Total: 2120 events, 530.00 events / second
// Total: 2119 events, 529.75 events / second
// Total: 2038 events, 509.50 events / second
// Total: 2037 events, 509.25 events / second
// Total: 2119 events, 529.75 events / second
// Total: 2119 events, 529.75 events / second
// Total: 2120 events, 530.00 events / second
// Total: 2038 events, 509.50 events / second
// Total: 2038 events, 509.50 events / second
//
// With AsyncTCPSock, with 16 workers: ESP32 CRASH !!!
//
// With AsyncTCPSock, with 10 workers:
//
// Total: 1242 events, 310.50 events / second
// Total: 1242 events, 310.50 events / second
// Total: 1242 events, 310.50 events / second
// Total: 1242 events, 310.50 events / second
// Total: 1181 events, 295.25 events / second
// Total: 1182 events, 295.50 events / second
// Total: 1240 events, 310.00 events / second
// Total: 1181 events, 295.25 events / second
// Total: 1181 events, 295.25 events / second
// Total: 1183 events, 295.75 events / second
//
server.addHandler(&events);
server.begin();
}
static uint32_t lastSSE = 0;
static uint32_t deltaSSE = 10;
static uint32_t lastHeap = 0;
void loop() {
uint32_t now = millis();
if (now - lastSSE >= deltaSSE) {
events.send(String("ping-") + now, "heartbeat", now);
lastSSE = millis();
}
#ifdef ESP32
if (now - lastHeap >= 2000) {
Serial.printf("Uptime: %3lu s, requests: %3u, Free heap: %" PRIu32 "\n", millis() / 1000, requests, ESP.getFreeHeap());
lastHeap = now;
}
#endif
}

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// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
//
// Show how to rate limit the server or some endpoints
//
#include <Arduino.h>
#if defined(ESP32) || defined(LIBRETINY)
#include <AsyncTCP.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#elif defined(ESP8266)
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <ESPAsyncTCP.h>
#elif defined(TARGET_RP2040) || defined(TARGET_RP2350) || defined(PICO_RP2040) || defined(PICO_RP2350)
#include <RPAsyncTCP.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#endif
#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
static AsyncWebServer server(80);
static AsyncRateLimitMiddleware rateLimit;
void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
#if SOC_WIFI_SUPPORTED || CONFIG_ESP_WIFI_REMOTE_ENABLED || LT_ARD_HAS_WIFI || CONFIG_ESP32_WIFI_ENABLED
WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP);
WiFi.softAP("esp-captive");
#endif
// maximum 5 requests per 10 seconds
rateLimit.setMaxRequests(5);
rateLimit.setWindowSize(10);
// run quickly several times:
//
// curl -v http://192.168.4.1/
//
server.on("/", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
request->send(200, "text/plain", "Hello, world!");
});
// run quickly several times:
//
// curl -v http://192.168.4.1/rate-limited
//
server
.on(
"/rate-limited", HTTP_GET,
[](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
request->send(200, "text/plain", "Hello, world!");
}
)
.addMiddleware(&rateLimit); // only rate limit this endpoint, but could be applied globally to the server
server.begin();
}
// not needed
void loop() {
delay(100);
}

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// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
//
// Shows how to redirect
//
#include <Arduino.h>
#if defined(ESP32) || defined(LIBRETINY)
#include <AsyncTCP.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#elif defined(ESP8266)
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <ESPAsyncTCP.h>
#elif defined(TARGET_RP2040) || defined(TARGET_RP2350) || defined(PICO_RP2040) || defined(PICO_RP2350)
#include <RPAsyncTCP.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#endif
#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
static AsyncWebServer server(80);
void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
#if SOC_WIFI_SUPPORTED || CONFIG_ESP_WIFI_REMOTE_ENABLED || LT_ARD_HAS_WIFI || CONFIG_ESP32_WIFI_ENABLED
WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP);
WiFi.softAP("esp-captive");
#endif
// curl -v http://192.168.4.1/
server.on("/", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
request->redirect("/index.txt");
});
// curl -v http://192.168.4.1/index.txt
server.on("/index.txt", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
request->send(200, "text/plain", "Hello, world!");
});
server.begin();
}
// not needed
void loop() {
delay(100);
}

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// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
//
// Shows how to use request continuation to pause a request for a long processing task, and be able to resume it later.
//
#include <Arduino.h>
#if defined(ESP32) || defined(LIBRETINY)
#include <AsyncTCP.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#elif defined(ESP8266)
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <ESPAsyncTCP.h>
#elif defined(TARGET_RP2040) || defined(TARGET_RP2350) || defined(PICO_RP2040) || defined(PICO_RP2350)
#include <RPAsyncTCP.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#endif
#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
#include <list>
#include <mutex>
static AsyncWebServer server(80);
// request handler that is saved from the paused request to communicate with Serial
static String message;
static AsyncWebServerRequestPtr serialRequest;
// request handler that is saved from the paused request to communicate with GPIO
static uint8_t pin = 35;
static AsyncWebServerRequestPtr gpioRequest;
void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
#if SOC_WIFI_SUPPORTED || CONFIG_ESP_WIFI_REMOTE_ENABLED || LT_ARD_HAS_WIFI || CONFIG_ESP32_WIFI_ENABLED
WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP);
WiFi.softAP("esp-captive");
#endif
// Post a message that will be sent to the Serial console, and pause the request until the user types a key
//
// curl -v -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded" -d "question=Name%3F%20" http://192.168.4.1/serial
//
// curl output should show "Answer: [y/n]" as the response
server.on("/serial", HTTP_POST, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
message = request->getParam("question", true)->value();
serialRequest = request->pause();
});
// Wait for a GPIO to be high
//
// curl -v http://192.168.4.1/gpio
//
// curl output should show "GPIO is high!" as the response
server.on("/gpio", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
gpioRequest = request->pause();
});
pinMode(pin, INPUT);
server.begin();
}
void loop() {
delay(500);
// Check for a high voltage on the RX1 pin
if (digitalRead(pin) == HIGH) {
if (auto request = gpioRequest.lock()) {
request->send(200, "text/plain", "GPIO is high!");
}
}
// check for an incoming message from the Serial console
if (message.length()) {
Serial.printf("%s", message.c_str());
// drops buffer
while (Serial.available()) {
Serial.read();
}
Serial.setTimeout(10000);
String response = Serial.readStringUntil('\n'); // waits for a key to be pressed
Serial.println();
message = emptyString;
if (auto request = serialRequest.lock()) {
request->send(200, "text/plain", "Answer: " + response);
}
}
}

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// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
//
// Shows how to use request continuation to pause a request for a long processing task, and be able to resume it later.
//
#include <Arduino.h>
#if defined(ESP32) || defined(LIBRETINY)
#include <AsyncTCP.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#elif defined(ESP8266)
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <ESPAsyncTCP.h>
#elif defined(TARGET_RP2040) || defined(TARGET_RP2350) || defined(PICO_RP2040) || defined(PICO_RP2350)
#include <RPAsyncTCP.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#endif
#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
#include <list>
#include <memory>
#include <mutex>
static AsyncWebServer server(80);
// ===============================================================
// The code below is used to simulate some long running operations
// ===============================================================
typedef struct {
size_t id;
AsyncWebServerRequestPtr requestPtr;
uint8_t data;
} LongRunningOperation;
static std::list<std::unique_ptr<LongRunningOperation>> longRunningOperations;
static size_t longRunningOperationsCount = 0;
#ifdef ESP32
static std::mutex longRunningOperationsMutex;
#endif
static void startLongRunningOperation(AsyncWebServerRequestPtr &&requestPtr) {
#ifdef ESP32
std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(longRunningOperationsMutex);
#endif
// LongRunningOperation *op = new LongRunningOperation();
std::unique_ptr<LongRunningOperation> op(new LongRunningOperation());
op->id = ++longRunningOperationsCount;
op->data = 10;
// you need to hold the AsyncWebServerRequestPtr returned by pause();
// This object is authorized to leave the scope of the request handler.
op->requestPtr = std::move(requestPtr);
Serial.printf("[%u] Start long running operation for %" PRIu8 " seconds...\n", op->id, op->data);
longRunningOperations.push_back(std::move(op));
}
static bool processLongRunningOperation(LongRunningOperation *op) {
// request was deleted ?
if (op->requestPtr.expired()) {
Serial.printf("[%u] Request was deleted - stopping long running operation\n", op->id);
return true; // operation finished
}
// processing the operation
Serial.printf("[%u] Long running operation processing... %" PRIu8 " seconds left\n", op->id, op->data);
// check if we have finished ?
op->data--;
if (op->data) {
// not finished yet
return false;
}
// Try to get access to the request pointer if it is still exist.
// If there has been a disconnection during that time, the pointer won't be valid anymore
if (auto request = op->requestPtr.lock()) {
Serial.printf("[%u] Long running operation finished! Sending back response...\n", op->id);
request->send(200, "text/plain", String(op->id) + " ");
} else {
Serial.printf("[%u] Long running operation finished, but request was deleted!\n", op->id);
}
return true; // operation finished
}
/// ==========================================================
void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
#if SOC_WIFI_SUPPORTED || CONFIG_ESP_WIFI_REMOTE_ENABLED || LT_ARD_HAS_WIFI || CONFIG_ESP32_WIFI_ENABLED
WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP);
WiFi.softAP("esp-captive");
#endif
// Add a middleware to see how pausing a request affects the middleware chain
server.addMiddleware([](AsyncWebServerRequest *request, ArMiddlewareNext next) {
Serial.printf("Middleware chain start\n");
// continue to the next middleware, and at the end the request handler
next();
// we can check the request pause state after the handler was executed
if (request->isPaused()) {
Serial.printf("Request was paused!\n");
}
Serial.printf("Middleware chain ends\n");
});
// HOW TO RUN THIS EXAMPLE:
//
// 1. Open several terminals to trigger some requests concurrently that will be paused with:
// > time curl -v http://192.168.4.1/
//
// 2. Look at the output of the Serial console to see how the middleware chain is executed
// and to see the long running operations being processed and resume the requests.
//
// 3. You can try close your curl command to cancel the request and check that the request is deleted.
// Note: in case the network is disconnected, the request will be deleted.
//
server.on("/", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
// Print a message in case the request is disconnected (network disconnection, client close, etc.)
request->onDisconnect([]() {
Serial.printf("Request was disconnected!\n");
});
// Instruct ESPAsyncWebServer to pause the request and get a AsyncWebServerRequestPtr to be able to access the request later.
// The AsyncWebServerRequestPtr is the ONLY object authorized to leave the scope of the request handler.
// The Middleware chain will continue to run until the end after this handler exit, but the request will be paused and will not
// be sent to the client until send() is called later.
Serial.printf("Pausing request...\n");
AsyncWebServerRequestPtr requestPtr = request->pause();
// start our long operation...
startLongRunningOperation(std::move(requestPtr));
});
server.begin();
}
static uint32_t lastTime = 0;
void loop() {
if (millis() - lastTime >= 1000) {
#ifdef ESP32
Serial.printf("Free heap: %" PRIu32 "\n", ESP.getFreeHeap());
std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(longRunningOperationsMutex);
#endif
// process all long running operations
longRunningOperations.remove_if([](const std::unique_ptr<LongRunningOperation> &op) {
return processLongRunningOperation(op.get());
});
lastTime = millis();
}
}

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// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
//
// Make sure resumable downloads can be implemented (HEAD request / response and Range header)
//
#include <Arduino.h>
#if defined(ESP32) || defined(LIBRETINY)
#include <AsyncTCP.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#elif defined(ESP8266)
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <ESPAsyncTCP.h>
#elif defined(TARGET_RP2040) || defined(TARGET_RP2350) || defined(PICO_RP2040) || defined(PICO_RP2350)
#include <RPAsyncTCP.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#endif
#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
static AsyncWebServer server(80);
void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
#if SOC_WIFI_SUPPORTED || CONFIG_ESP_WIFI_REMOTE_ENABLED || LT_ARD_HAS_WIFI || CONFIG_ESP32_WIFI_ENABLED
WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP);
WiFi.softAP("esp-captive");
#endif
/*
❯ curl -I -X HEAD http://192.168.4.1/download
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Length: 1024
Content-Type: application/octet-stream
Connection: close
Accept-Ranges: bytes
*/
// Ref: https://github.com/mathieucarbou/ESPAsyncWebServer/pull/80
server.on("/download", HTTP_HEAD | HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
if (request->method() == HTTP_HEAD) {
AsyncWebServerResponse *response = request->beginResponse(200, "application/octet-stream");
response->addHeader(asyncsrv::T_Accept_Ranges, "bytes");
response->addHeader(asyncsrv::T_Content_Length, 10);
response->setContentLength(1024); // make sure we can overrides previously set content length
response->addHeader(asyncsrv::T_Content_Type, "foo");
response->setContentType("application/octet-stream"); // make sure we can overrides previously set content type
// ...
request->send(response);
} else {
// ...
}
});
server.begin();
}
void loop() {
delay(100);
}

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// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
//
// Shows how to rewrite URLs
//
#include <Arduino.h>
#if defined(ESP32) || defined(LIBRETINY)
#include <AsyncTCP.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#elif defined(ESP8266)
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <ESPAsyncTCP.h>
#elif defined(TARGET_RP2040) || defined(TARGET_RP2350) || defined(PICO_RP2040) || defined(PICO_RP2350)
#include <RPAsyncTCP.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#endif
#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
static AsyncWebServer server(80);
void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
#if SOC_WIFI_SUPPORTED || CONFIG_ESP_WIFI_REMOTE_ENABLED || LT_ARD_HAS_WIFI || CONFIG_ESP32_WIFI_ENABLED
WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP);
WiFi.softAP("esp-captive");
#endif
// curl -v http://192.168.4.1/index.txt
server.on("/index.txt", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
request->send(200, "text/plain", "Hello, world!");
});
// curl -v http://192.168.4.1/index.txt
server.on("/index.html", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
request->send(200, "text/html", "<h1>Hello, world!</h1>");
});
// curl -v http://192.168.4.1/
server.rewrite("/", "/index.html");
server.rewrite("/index.txt", "/index.html"); // will hide the .txt file
server.begin();
}
// not needed
void loop() {
delay(100);
}

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// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
//
// SSE example
//
#include <Arduino.h>
#if defined(ESP32) || defined(LIBRETINY)
#include <AsyncTCP.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#elif defined(ESP8266)
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <ESPAsyncTCP.h>
#elif defined(TARGET_RP2040) || defined(TARGET_RP2350) || defined(PICO_RP2040) || defined(PICO_RP2350)
#include <RPAsyncTCP.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#endif
#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
static const char *htmlContent PROGMEM = R"(
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Server-Sent Events</title>
<script>
if (!!window.EventSource) {
var source = new EventSource('/events');
source.addEventListener('open', function(e) {
console.log("Events Connected");
}, false);
source.addEventListener('error', function(e) {
if (e.target.readyState != EventSource.OPEN) {
console.log("Events Disconnected");
}
}, false);
source.addEventListener('message', function(e) {
console.log("message", e.data);
}, false);
source.addEventListener('heartbeat', function(e) {
console.log("heartbeat", e.data);
}, false);
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Open your browser console!</h1>
</body>
</html>
)";
static const size_t htmlContentLength = strlen_P(htmlContent);
static AsyncWebServer server(80);
static AsyncEventSource events("/events");
void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
#if SOC_WIFI_SUPPORTED || CONFIG_ESP_WIFI_REMOTE_ENABLED || LT_ARD_HAS_WIFI || CONFIG_ESP32_WIFI_ENABLED
WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP);
WiFi.softAP("esp-captive");
#endif
// curl -v http://192.168.4.1/
server.on("/", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
// need to cast to uint8_t*
// if you do not, the const char* will be copied in a temporary String buffer
request->send(200, "text/html", (uint8_t *)htmlContent, htmlContentLength);
});
events.onConnect([](AsyncEventSourceClient *client) {
Serial.printf("SSE Client connected!");
client->send("hello!", NULL, millis(), 1000);
});
events.onDisconnect([](AsyncEventSourceClient *client) {
Serial.printf("SSE Client disconnected!");
});
server.addHandler(&events);
server.begin();
}
static uint32_t lastSSE = 0;
static uint32_t deltaSSE = 3000;
static uint32_t lastHeap = 0;
void loop() {
uint32_t now = millis();
if (now - lastSSE >= deltaSSE) {
events.send(String("ping-") + now, "heartbeat", now);
lastSSE = millis();
}
#ifdef ESP32
if (now - lastHeap >= 2000) {
Serial.printf("Free heap: %" PRIu32 "\n", ESP.getFreeHeap());
lastHeap = now;
}
#endif
}

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// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
//
// SSE example
//
#include <Arduino.h>
#if defined(ESP32) || defined(LIBRETINY)
#include <AsyncTCP.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#elif defined(ESP8266)
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <ESPAsyncTCP.h>
#elif defined(TARGET_RP2040) || defined(TARGET_RP2350) || defined(PICO_RP2040) || defined(PICO_RP2350)
#include <RPAsyncTCP.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#endif
#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
static const char *htmlContent PROGMEM = R"(
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Server-Sent Events</title>
<script>
if (!!window.EventSource) {
var source = new EventSource('/events');
source.onopen = function(e) {
console.log("Events Connected");
};
source.onerror = function(e) {
if (e.target.readyState != EventSource.OPEN) {
console.log("Events Disconnected");
}
// Uncomment below to prevent the client from proactively establishing a new connection.
// source.close();
};
source.onmessage = function(e) {
console.log("Message: " + e.data);
};
source.addEventListener('heartbeat', function(e) {
console.log("Heartbeat", e.data);
}, false);
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Open your browser console!</h1>
</body>
</html>
)";
static const size_t htmlContentLength = strlen_P(htmlContent);
static AsyncWebServer server(80);
static AsyncEventSource events("/events");
static volatile size_t connectionCount = 0;
static volatile uint32_t timestampConnected = 0;
static constexpr uint32_t timeoutClose = 15000;
void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
#if SOC_WIFI_SUPPORTED || CONFIG_ESP_WIFI_REMOTE_ENABLED || LT_ARD_HAS_WIFI || CONFIG_ESP32_WIFI_ENABLED
WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP);
WiFi.softAP("esp-captive");
#endif
// curl -v http://192.168.4.1/
server.on("/", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
// need to cast to uint8_t*
// if you do not, the const char* will be copied in a temporary String buffer
request->send(200, "text/html", (uint8_t *)htmlContent, htmlContentLength);
});
events.onConnect([](AsyncEventSourceClient *client) {
/**
* @brief: Purpose for a test case: count() function
* Task watchdog shall be triggered due to a self-deadlock by mutex handling of the AsyncEventSource.
*
* E (61642) task_wdt: Task watchdog got triggered. The following tasks did not reset the watchdog in time:
* E (61642) task_wdt: - async_tcp (CPU 0/1)
*
* Resolve: using recursive_mutex insteads of mutex.
*/
connectionCount = events.count();
timestampConnected = millis();
Serial.printf("SSE Client connected! ID: %" PRIu32 "\n", client->lastId());
client->send("hello!", NULL, millis(), 1000);
Serial.printf("Number of connected clients: %u\n", connectionCount);
});
events.onDisconnect([](AsyncEventSourceClient *client) {
connectionCount = events.count();
Serial.printf("SSE Client disconnected! ID: %" PRIu32 "\n", client->lastId());
Serial.printf("Number of connected clients: %u\n", connectionCount);
});
server.addHandler(&events);
server.begin();
}
static constexpr uint32_t deltaSSE = 3000;
static uint32_t lastSSE = 0;
static uint32_t lastHeap = 0;
void loop() {
uint32_t now = millis();
if (connectionCount > 0) {
if (now - lastSSE >= deltaSSE) {
events.send(String("ping-") + now, "heartbeat", now);
lastSSE = millis();
}
/**
* @brief: Purpose for a test case: close() function
* Task watchdog shall be triggered due to a self-deadlock by mutex handling of the AsyncEventSource.
*
* E (61642) task_wdt: Task watchdog got triggered. The following tasks did not reset the watchdog in time:
* E (61642) task_wdt: - async_tcp (CPU 0/1)
*
* Resolve: using recursive_mutex insteads of mutex.
*/
if (now - timestampConnected >= timeoutClose) {
Serial.printf("SSE Clients close\n");
events.close();
}
}
#ifdef ESP32
if (now - lastHeap >= 2000) {
Serial.printf("Free heap: %" PRIu32 "\n", ESP.getFreeHeap());
lastHeap = now;
}
#endif
}

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// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
//
// Server state example
//
#include <Arduino.h>
#if defined(ESP32) || defined(LIBRETINY)
#include <AsyncTCP.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#elif defined(ESP8266)
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <ESPAsyncTCP.h>
#elif defined(TARGET_RP2040) || defined(TARGET_RP2350) || defined(PICO_RP2040) || defined(PICO_RP2350)
#include <RPAsyncTCP.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#endif
#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
static AsyncWebServer server1(80);
static AsyncWebServer server2(80);
void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
#if SOC_WIFI_SUPPORTED || CONFIG_ESP_WIFI_REMOTE_ENABLED || LT_ARD_HAS_WIFI || CONFIG_ESP32_WIFI_ENABLED
WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP);
WiFi.softAP("esp-captive");
#endif
// server state returns one of the tcp_state enum values:
// enum tcp_state {
// CLOSED = 0,
// LISTEN = 1,
// SYN_SENT = 2,
// SYN_RCVD = 3,
// ESTABLISHED = 4,
// FIN_WAIT_1 = 5,
// FIN_WAIT_2 = 6,
// CLOSE_WAIT = 7,
// CLOSING = 8,
// LAST_ACK = 9,
// TIME_WAIT = 10
// };
assert(server1.state() == tcp_state::CLOSED);
assert(server2.state() == tcp_state::CLOSED);
server1.begin();
assert(server1.state() == tcp_state::LISTEN);
assert(server2.state() == tcp_state::CLOSED);
server2.begin();
assert(server1.state() == tcp_state::LISTEN);
assert(server2.state() == tcp_state::CLOSED);
Serial.println("Done!");
}
void loop() {
delay(100);
}

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// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
//
// Authentication and authorization middlewares
//
#include <Arduino.h>
#if defined(ESP32) || defined(LIBRETINY)
#include <AsyncTCP.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#elif defined(ESP8266)
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <ESPAsyncTCP.h>
#elif defined(TARGET_RP2040) || defined(TARGET_RP2350) || defined(PICO_RP2040) || defined(PICO_RP2350)
#include <RPAsyncTCP.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#endif
#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
static AsyncWebServer server(80);
static AsyncAuthenticationMiddleware basicAuth;
static AsyncLoggingMiddleware logging;
void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
#if SOC_WIFI_SUPPORTED || CONFIG_ESP_WIFI_REMOTE_ENABLED || LT_ARD_HAS_WIFI || CONFIG_ESP32_WIFI_ENABLED
WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP);
WiFi.softAP("esp-captive");
#endif
// basic authentication
basicAuth.setUsername("admin");
basicAuth.setPassword("admin");
basicAuth.setRealm("MyApp");
basicAuth.setAuthFailureMessage("Authentication failed");
basicAuth.setAuthType(AsyncAuthType::AUTH_BASIC);
basicAuth.generateHash(); // precompute hash (optional but recommended)
// logging middleware
logging.setEnabled(true);
logging.setOutput(Serial);
// we apply auth middleware to the server globally
server.addMiddleware(&basicAuth);
// protected endpoint: requires basic authentication
// curl -v -u admin:admin http://192.168.4.1/
server.on("/", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
request->send(200, "text/plain", "Hello, world!");
});
// we skip all global middleware from the catchall handler
server.catchAllHandler().skipServerMiddlewares();
// we apply a specific middleware to the catchall handler only to log requests without a handler defined
server.catchAllHandler().addMiddleware(&logging);
// standard 404 handler: will display the request in the console i na curl-like style
// curl -v -H "Foo: Bar" http://192.168.4.1/foo
server.onNotFound([](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
request->send(404, "text/plain", "Not found");
});
server.begin();
}
// not needed
void loop() {
delay(100);
}

View file

@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
//
// Simulate a slow response in a chunk response (like file download from SD Card)
// poll events will be throttled.
//
#include <Arduino.h>
#if defined(ESP32) || defined(LIBRETINY)
#include <AsyncTCP.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#elif defined(ESP8266)
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <ESPAsyncTCP.h>
#elif defined(TARGET_RP2040) || defined(TARGET_RP2350) || defined(PICO_RP2040) || defined(PICO_RP2350)
#include <RPAsyncTCP.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#endif
#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
static AsyncWebServer server(80);
static const char *htmlContent PROGMEM = R"(
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Sample HTML</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Hello, World!</h1>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
</body>
</html>
)";
static const size_t htmlContentLength = strlen_P(htmlContent);
static constexpr char characters[] = "0123456789ABCDEF";
static size_t charactersIndex = 0;
void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
#if SOC_WIFI_SUPPORTED || CONFIG_ESP_WIFI_REMOTE_ENABLED || LT_ARD_HAS_WIFI || CONFIG_ESP32_WIFI_ENABLED
WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP);
WiFi.softAP("esp-captive");
#endif
// curl -v http://192.168.4.1/
server.on("/", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
// need to cast to uint8_t*
// if you do not, the const char* will be copied in a temporary String buffer
request->send(200, "text/html", (uint8_t *)htmlContent, htmlContentLength);
});
// IMPORTANT - DO NOT WRITE SUCH CODE IN PRODUCTON !
//
// This example simulates the slowdown that can happen when:
// - downloading a huge file from sdcard
// - doing some file listing on SDCard because it is horribly slow to get a file listing with file stats on SDCard.
// So in both cases, ESP would deadlock or TWDT would trigger.
//
// This example simulats that by slowing down the chunk callback:
// - d=2000 is the delay in ms in the callback
// - l=10000 is the length of the response
//
// time curl -N -v -G -d 'd=2000' -d 'l=10000' http://192.168.4.1/slow.html --output -
//
// THIS CODE WILL CRASH BECAUSE OF THE WATCHDOG.
// IF YOU REALLY NEED TO DO THIS, YOU MUST DISABLE THE TWDT
//
// CORRECT WAY IS TO USE SSE OR WEBSOCKETS TO DO THE COSTLY PROCESSING ASYNC.
//
server.on("/slow.html", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
uint32_t d = request->getParam("d")->value().toInt();
uint32_t l = request->getParam("l")->value().toInt();
Serial.printf("d = %" PRIu32 ", l = %" PRIu32 "\n", d, l);
AsyncWebServerResponse *response = request->beginChunkedResponse("text/html", [d, l](uint8_t *buffer, size_t maxLen, size_t index) -> size_t {
Serial.printf("%u\n", index);
// finished ?
if (index >= l) {
return 0;
}
// slow down the task to simulate some heavy processing, like SD card reading
delay(d);
memset(buffer, characters[charactersIndex], 256);
charactersIndex = (charactersIndex + 1) % sizeof(characters);
return 256;
});
request->send(response);
});
server.begin();
}
static uint32_t lastHeap = 0;
void loop() {
#ifdef ESP32
uint32_t now = millis();
if (now - lastHeap >= 2000) {
Serial.printf("Free heap: %" PRIu32 "\n", ESP.getFreeHeap());
lastHeap = now;
}
#endif
}

View file

@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
//
// Shows how to serve a static file
//
#include <Arduino.h>
#if defined(ESP32) || defined(LIBRETINY)
#include <AsyncTCP.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#elif defined(ESP8266)
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <ESPAsyncTCP.h>
#elif defined(TARGET_RP2040) || defined(TARGET_RP2350) || defined(PICO_RP2040) || defined(PICO_RP2350)
#include <RPAsyncTCP.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#endif
#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
#include <LittleFS.h>
static AsyncWebServer server(80);
static const char *htmlContent PROGMEM = R"(
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Sample HTML</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Hello, World!</h1>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
</body>
</html>
)";
static const size_t htmlContentLength = strlen_P(htmlContent);
// sample_html_gz.h
static const uint8_t index2_html_gz[] = {
0x1f, 0x8b, 0x08, 0x08, 0x13, 0x45, 0x92, 0x68, 0x00, 0x03, 0x69, 0x6e, 0x64, 0x65, 0x78, 0x32, 0x2e, 0x68, 0x74, 0x6d, 0x6c, 0x00, 0xed, 0x98, 0xcb,
0x6e, 0xdc, 0x30, 0x0c, 0x45, 0xf7, 0xf3, 0x15, 0xcc, 0xde, 0xb0, 0x91, 0xbd, 0xe1, 0x4d, 0x1f, 0x48, 0x81, 0xbc, 0x8a, 0x26, 0x2d, 0xba, 0xe4, 0x48,
0x8c, 0x87, 0x81, 0x1e, 0x0e, 0x25, 0x19, 0xc8, 0xdf, 0x97, 0xb2, 0x67, 0x82, 0x6c, 0xfa, 0x07, 0x32, 0x0c, 0x58, 0xa6, 0xa8, 0xcb, 0x4b, 0xe9, 0xac,
0x34, 0x5e, 0x7d, 0x7d, 0xf8, 0xf2, 0xf4, 0xf7, 0xf1, 0x1b, 0x9c, 0xb2, 0x77, 0xd3, 0x61, 0xbc, 0x7c, 0x08, 0xed, 0x74, 0x00, 0x7d, 0xc6, 0xcc, 0xd9,
0xd1, 0xf4, 0x0b, 0xfd, 0xe2, 0x08, 0x6e, 0x9e, 0xee, 0x6e, 0xc7, 0x61, 0x0f, 0x1d, 0xc6, 0x61, 0x4f, 0x1b, 0x8f, 0xd1, 0xbe, 0x9f, 0xb3, 0x4f, 0xd7,
0xd3, 0x0d, 0x39, 0x17, 0x3b, 0xf8, 0x13, 0xc5, 0xd9, 0x2b, 0xcd, 0xb9, 0x3e, 0x4f, 0x2d, 0xd3, 0x6d, 0x14, 0xf2, 0xc0, 0x4b, 0x2a, 0x1e, 0x6c, 0x74,
0x51, 0x20, 0x71, 0x06, 0xf4, 0x94, 0x3b, 0x30, 0x31, 0x24, 0x32, 0x99, 0x72, 0x11, 0x40, 0xcb, 0x0b, 0x27, 0xc3, 0x61, 0x06, 0x72, 0x9c, 0x7b, 0x78,
0x94, 0xc8, 0x01, 0xa8, 0x70, 0xf2, 0xd1, 0x76, 0xb0, 0x14, 0x29, 0x09, 0xf0, 0x12, 0xd8, 0xe4, 0xe5, 0x14, 0x83, 0x29, 0xa9, 0x83, 0x22, 0x01, 0xcf,
0x35, 0x4c, 0x91, 0xa4, 0x89, 0x1e, 0x53, 0xc2, 0x4e, 0xb3, 0xc1, 0xb2, 0xc9, 0x1a, 0xcf, 0xea, 0x50, 0xe3, 0xaf, 0x25, 0xe5, 0x08, 0x68, 0xf6, 0x41,
0x0f, 0x3f, 0x55, 0xee, 0xad, 0x10, 0x14, 0xe7, 0xd0, 0x9b, 0x28, 0x0b, 0xc9, 0x26, 0x8d, 0x62, 0x0a, 0x04, 0x32, 0x90, 0xa3, 0xe8, 0xfb, 0x79, 0xbe,
0x83, 0x95, 0x1c, 0xbc, 0x90, 0x78, 0x0a, 0x55, 0x79, 0x97, 0xfc, 0xf8, 0xef, 0xe1, 0x37, 0xaf, 0xe8, 0xb5, 0x56, 0x22, 0x5b, 0x53, 0xb5, 0xdd, 0x92,
0xb7, 0xa6, 0x76, 0x65, 0x63, 0x8a, 0x4f, 0x18, 0x6a, 0xf7, 0x73, 0xad, 0xbc, 0x4f, 0x07, 0xd6, 0x95, 0xcf, 0xb9, 0x3a, 0xde, 0x05, 0x75, 0xe0, 0x50,
0xbb, 0x83, 0x15, 0x85, 0xf5, 0x33, 0x0b, 0xae, 0x6c, 0xb1, 0x26, 0xe3, 0xb9, 0x9b, 0x1e, 0xee, 0xab, 0x2f, 0x78, 0x41, 0xc3, 0x8e, 0x13, 0xf7, 0x5b,
0x81, 0x1f, 0x21, 0xd3, 0x4c, 0xba, 0xa3, 0xc5, 0x54, 0xe7, 0x9f, 0x37, 0xb9, 0xb8, 0x2c, 0x6c, 0x98, 0x74, 0xe5, 0xf7, 0x92, 0x0c, 0xa9, 0xeb, 0x32,
0x33, 0xea, 0x51, 0x78, 0xfe, 0x38, 0x17, 0x38, 0xf2, 0x91, 0x82, 0xd5, 0xce, 0x56, 0x5e, 0x49, 0x44, 0xb7, 0x31, 0x8a, 0x61, 0x70, 0x14, 0x37, 0x7d,
0x8b, 0x0b, 0x1f, 0xd5, 0x50, 0xed, 0xa8, 0x03, 0xb6, 0x17, 0x83, 0x49, 0xcf, 0xd9, 0x16, 0xae, 0x91, 0xcd, 0x78, 0x3f, 0x0e, 0x4b, 0xc3, 0xa0, 0x61,
0xd0, 0x30, 0x68, 0x18, 0x34, 0x0c, 0x1a, 0x06, 0x0d, 0x83, 0x86, 0x41, 0xc3, 0xa0, 0x61, 0xd0, 0x30, 0x68, 0x18, 0x34, 0x0c, 0x1a, 0x06, 0xff, 0xc1,
0x60, 0x1c, 0xf6, 0xab, 0x85, 0x71, 0xd8, 0xee, 0x25, 0xfe, 0x01, 0xa0, 0xec, 0x78, 0xfe, 0xae, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00
};
static const size_t index2_html_gz_len = sizeof(index2_html_gz);
void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
#if SOC_WIFI_SUPPORTED || CONFIG_ESP_WIFI_REMOTE_ENABLED || LT_ARD_HAS_WIFI || CONFIG_ESP32_WIFI_ENABLED
WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP);
WiFi.softAP("esp-captive");
#endif
#ifdef ESP32
LittleFS.begin(true);
#else
LittleFS.begin();
#endif
{
File f = LittleFS.open("/index.html", "w");
assert(f);
f.print(htmlContent);
f.close();
}
{
File f = LittleFS.open("/index2.html.gz", "w");
assert(f);
f.write(index2_html_gz, index2_html_gz_len);
f.close();
}
LittleFS.mkdir("/files");
{
File f = LittleFS.open("/files/a.txt", "w");
assert(f);
f.print("Hello from a.txt");
f.close();
}
{
File f = LittleFS.open("/files/b.txt", "w");
assert(f);
f.print("Hello from b.txt");
f.close();
}
// curl -v http://192.168.4.1/
server.on("/", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
request->redirect("/index.html");
});
// curl -v http://192.168.4.1/index.html
server.serveStatic("/index.html", LittleFS, "/index.html");
// curl -v http://192.168.4.1/index2.html | gunzip -c
server.serveStatic("/index2.html", LittleFS, "/index2.html");
// Example to serve a directory content
// curl -v http://192.168.4.1/base/ => serves a.txt
// curl -v http://192.168.4.1/base/a.txt => serves a.txt
// curl -v http://192.168.4.1/base/b.txt => serves b.txt
server.serveStatic("/base", LittleFS, "/files").setDefaultFile("a.txt");
server.begin();
}
// not needed
void loop() {
delay(100);
}

View file

@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
//
// Shows how to serve a static and dynamic template
//
#include <Arduino.h>
#if defined(ESP32) || defined(LIBRETINY)
#include <AsyncTCP.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#elif defined(ESP8266)
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <ESPAsyncTCP.h>
#elif defined(TARGET_RP2040) || defined(TARGET_RP2350) || defined(PICO_RP2040) || defined(PICO_RP2350)
#include <RPAsyncTCP.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#endif
#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
#include <LittleFS.h>
static AsyncWebServer server(80);
static const char *htmlContent PROGMEM = R"(
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h1>Hello, %USER%</h1>
</body>
</html>
)";
static const size_t htmlContentLength = strlen_P(htmlContent);
// Variables used for dynamic cacheable template
static unsigned uptimeInMinutes = 0;
static AsyncStaticWebHandler *uptimeHandler = nullptr;
// Utility function for performing that update
static void setUptimeInMinutes(unsigned t) {
uptimeInMinutes = t;
// Update caching header with a new value as well
if (uptimeHandler) {
uptimeHandler->setLastModified();
}
}
void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
#if SOC_WIFI_SUPPORTED || CONFIG_ESP_WIFI_REMOTE_ENABLED || LT_ARD_HAS_WIFI || CONFIG_ESP32_WIFI_ENABLED
WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP);
WiFi.softAP("esp-captive");
#endif
#ifdef ESP32
LittleFS.begin(true);
#else
LittleFS.begin();
#endif
{
File f = LittleFS.open("/template.html", "w");
assert(f);
f.print(htmlContent);
f.close();
}
// Serve the static template file
//
// This call will have caching headers automatically added as it is a static file.
//
// curl -v http://192.168.4.1/template.html
server.serveStatic("/template.html", LittleFS, "/template.html");
// Serve a template with dynamic content
//
// serveStatic recognizes that template processing is in use, and will not automatically
// add caching headers.
//
// curl -v http://192.168.4.1/dynamic.html
server.serveStatic("/dynamic.html", LittleFS, "/template.html").setTemplateProcessor([](const String &var) -> String {
if (var == "USER") {
return String("Bob ") + millis();
}
return emptyString;
});
// Serve a static template with a template processor
//
// By explicitly calling setLastModified() on the handler object, we enable
// sending the caching headers, even when a template is in use.
// This pattern should never be used with template data that can change.
// Example below: USER never changes.
//
// curl -v http://192.168.4.1/index.html
server.serveStatic("/index.html", LittleFS, "/template.html")
.setTemplateProcessor([](const String &var) -> String {
if (var == "USER") {
return "Bob";
}
return emptyString;
})
.setLastModified("Sun, 28 Sep 2025 01:02:03 GMT");
// Serve a template with dynamic content *and* caching
//
// The data used in this template is updated in loop(). loop() is then responsible
// for calling setLastModified() on the handler object to notify any caches that
// the data has changed.
//
// curl -v http://192.168.4.1/uptime.html
uptimeHandler = &server.serveStatic("/uptime.html", LittleFS, "/template.html").setTemplateProcessor([](const String &var) -> String {
if (var == "USER") {
return String("Bob ") + uptimeInMinutes + " minutes";
}
return emptyString;
});
// Serve a template with dynamic content based on user request
//
// In this case, the template is served via a callback request. Data from the request
// is used to generate the template callback.
//
// curl -v -G -d "USER=Bob" http://192.168.4.1/user_request.html
server.on("/user_request.html", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
request->send(LittleFS, "/template.html", "text/html", false, [=](const String &var) -> String {
if (var == "USER") {
const AsyncWebParameter *param = request->getParam("USER");
if (param) {
return param->value();
}
}
return emptyString;
});
});
server.begin();
}
// not needed
void loop() {
delay(100);
// Compute uptime
unsigned currentUptimeInMinutes = millis() / (60 * 1000);
if (currentUptimeInMinutes != uptimeInMinutes) {
setUptimeInMinutes(currentUptimeInMinutes);
}
}

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# AsyncURIMatcher Example
This example demonstrates the comprehensive URI matching capabilities of the ESPAsyncWebServer library using the `AsyncURIMatcher` class.
## Overview
The `AsyncURIMatcher` class provides flexible and powerful URL routing mechanisms that go beyond simple string matching. It supports various matching strategies that can be combined to create sophisticated routing rules.
**Important**: When using plain strings (not `AsyncURIMatcher` objects), the library uses auto-detection (`URIMatchAuto`) which analyzes the URI pattern and applies appropriate matching rules. This is **not** simple exact matching - it combines exact and folder matching by default!
## Auto-Detection Behavior
When you pass a plain string or `const char*` to `server.on()`, the `URIMatchAuto` flag is used, which:
1. **Empty URI**: Matches everything
2. **Ends with `*`**: Becomes prefix match (`URIMatchPrefix`)
3. **Contains `/*.ext`**: Becomes extension match (`URIMatchExtension`)
4. **Starts with `^` and ends with `$`**: Becomes regex match (if enabled)
5. **Everything else**: Becomes **both** exact and folder match (`URIMatchPrefixFolder | URIMatchExact`)
This means traditional string-based routes like `server.on("/path", handler)` will match:
- `/path` (exact match)
- `/path/anything` (folder match)
But will **NOT** match `/path-suffix` (prefix without folder separator).
## Features Demonstrated
### 1. **Auto-Detection (Traditional Behavior)**
- When using plain strings, automatically detects the appropriate matching strategy
- Default behavior: combines exact and folder matching
- Special patterns: `*` suffix → prefix, `/*.ext` → extension, regex patterns
- Use cases: Traditional ESP32 web server behavior with enhanced capabilities
- Examples: `/path` matches both `/path` and `/path/sub`
### 2. **Exact Matching**
- Matches only the exact URL specified
- Use cases: API endpoints, specific pages
- Examples: `/exact`, `/login`, `/dashboard`
### 3. **Prefix Matching**
- Matches URLs that start with the specified pattern
- Use cases: API versioning, module grouping
- Examples: `/api*` matches `/api/users`, `/api/posts`, etc.
### 4. **Folder/Directory Matching**
- Matches URLs under a specific directory path
- Use cases: Admin sections, organized content
- Examples: `/admin/` matches `/admin/users`, `/admin/settings`
### 5. **Extension Matching**
- Matches files with specific extensions under a path
- Use cases: Static file serving, file type handlers
- Examples: `/images/*.jpg` matches any `.jpg` file under `/images/`
### 6. **Case Insensitive Matching**
- Matches URLs regardless of character case
- Use cases: User-friendly URLs, legacy support
- Examples: `/CaSe` matches `/case`, `/CASE`, etc.
### 7. **Regular Expression Matching**
- Advanced pattern matching using regex (requires `ASYNCWEBSERVER_REGEX`)
- Use cases: Complex URL patterns, parameter extraction
- Examples: `/user/([0-9]+)` matches `/user/123` and captures the ID
### 8. **Combined Flags**
- Multiple matching strategies can be combined
- Use cases: Flexible routing requirements
- Examples: Case-insensitive prefix matching
## Usage Patterns
### Traditional String-based Routing (Auto-Detection)
```cpp
// Auto-detection with exact + folder matching
server.on("/api", handler); // Matches /api AND /api/anything
server.on("/login", handler); // Matches /login AND /login/sub
// Auto-detection with prefix matching
server.on("/prefix*", handler); // Matches /prefix, /prefix-test, /prefix/sub
// Auto-detection with extension matching
server.on("/images/*.jpg", handler); // Matches /images/pic.jpg, /images/sub/pic.jpg
```
### Explicit AsyncURIMatcher Syntax
### Explicit AsyncURIMatcher Syntax
```cpp
// Exact matching only
server.on(AsyncURIMatcher("/path", URIMatchExact), handler);
// Prefix matching only
server.on(AsyncURIMatcher("/api", URIMatchPrefix), handler);
// Combined flags
server.on(AsyncURIMatcher("/api", URIMatchPrefix | URIMatchCaseInsensitive), handler);
```
### Factory Functions
```cpp
// More readable and expressive
server.on(AsyncURIMatcher::exact("/login"), handler);
server.on(AsyncURIMatcher::prefix("/api"), handler);
server.on(AsyncURIMatcher::dir("/admin"), handler);
server.on(AsyncURIMatcher::ext("/images/*.jpg"), handler);
server.on(AsyncURIMatcher::iExact("/case"), handler);
#ifdef ASYNCWEBSERVER_REGEX
server.on(AsyncURIMatcher::regex("^/user/([0-9]+)$"), handler);
#endif
```
## Available Flags
| Flag | Description |
|------|-------------|
| `URIMatchAuto` | Auto-detect match type from pattern (default) |
| `URIMatchExact` | Exact URL match |
| `URIMatchPrefix` | Prefix match |
| `URIMatchPrefixFolder` | Folder prefix match (requires trailing /) |
| `URIMatchExtension` | File extension match pattern |
| `URIMatchCaseInsensitive` | Case insensitive matching |
| `URIMatchRegex` | Regular expression matching (requires ASYNCWEBSERVER_REGEX) |
## Testing the Example
1. **Upload the sketch** to your ESP32/ESP8266
2. **Connect to WiFi AP**: `esp-captive` (no password required)
3. **Navigate to**: `http://192.168.4.1/`
4. **Explore the examples** by clicking the organized test links
5. **Monitor Serial output**: Open Serial Monitor to see detailed debugging information for each matched route
### Test URLs Available (All Clickable from Homepage)
**Auto-Detection Examples:**
- `http://192.168.4.1/auto` (exact + folder match)
- `http://192.168.4.1/auto/sub` (folder match - same handler!)
- `http://192.168.4.1/wildcard-test` (auto-detected prefix)
- `http://192.168.4.1/auto-images/photo.png` (auto-detected extension)
**Factory Method Examples:**
- `http://192.168.4.1/exact` (AsyncURIMatcher::exact)
- `http://192.168.4.1/service/status` (AsyncURIMatcher::prefix)
- `http://192.168.4.1/admin/users` (AsyncURIMatcher::dir)
- `http://192.168.4.1/images/photo.jpg` (AsyncURIMatcher::ext)
**Case Insensitive Examples:**
- `http://192.168.4.1/case` (lowercase)
- `http://192.168.4.1/CASE` (uppercase)
- `http://192.168.4.1/CaSe` (mixed case)
**Regex Examples (if ASYNCWEBSERVER_REGEX enabled):**
- `http://192.168.4.1/user/123` (captures numeric ID)
- `http://192.168.4.1/user/456` (captures numeric ID)
**Combined Flags Examples:**
- `http://192.168.4.1/mixedcase-test` (prefix + case insensitive)
- `http://192.168.4.1/MIXEDCASE/sub` (prefix + case insensitive)
### Console Output
Each handler provides detailed debugging information via Serial output:
```
Auto-Detection Match (Traditional)
Matched URL: /auto
Uses auto-detection: exact + folder matching
```
```
Factory Exact Match
Matched URL: /exact
Uses AsyncURIMatcher::exact() factory function
```
```
Regex Match - User ID
Matched URL: /user/123
Captured User ID: 123
This regex matches /user/{number} pattern
```
## Compilation Options
### Enable Regex Support
To enable regular expression matching, compile with:
```
-D ASYNCWEBSERVER_REGEX
```
In PlatformIO, add to `platformio.ini`:
```ini
build_flags = -D ASYNCWEBSERVER_REGEX
```
In Arduino IDE, add to your sketch:
```cpp
#define ASYNCWEBSERVER_REGEX
```
## Performance Considerations
1. **Exact matches** are fastest
2. **Prefix matches** are very efficient
3. **Regex matches** are slower but most flexible
4. **Case insensitive** matching adds minimal overhead
5. **Auto-detection** adds slight parsing overhead at construction time
## Real-World Applications
### REST API Design
```cpp
// API versioning
server.on(AsyncURIMatcher::prefix("/api/v1"), handleAPIv1);
server.on(AsyncURIMatcher::prefix("/api/v2"), handleAPIv2);
// Resource endpoints with IDs
server.on(AsyncURIMatcher::regex("^/api/users/([0-9]+)$"), handleUserById);
server.on(AsyncURIMatcher::regex("^/api/posts/([0-9]+)/comments$"), handlePostComments);
```
### File Serving
```cpp
// Serve different file types
server.on(AsyncURIMatcher::ext("/assets/*.css"), serveCSSFiles);
server.on(AsyncURIMatcher::ext("/assets/*.js"), serveJSFiles);
server.on(AsyncURIMatcher::ext("/images/*.jpg"), serveImageFiles);
```
### Admin Interface
```cpp
// Admin section with authentication
server.on(AsyncURIMatcher::dir("/admin"), handleAdminPages);
server.on(AsyncURIMatcher::exact("/admin"), redirectToAdminDashboard);
```
## See Also
- [ESPAsyncWebServer Documentation](https://github.com/ESP32Async/ESPAsyncWebServer)
- [Regular Expression Reference](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/regex)
- Other examples in the `examples/` directory

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// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
//
// AsyncURIMatcher Examples - Advanced URI Matching and Routing
//
// This example demonstrates the various ways to use AsyncURIMatcher class
// for flexible URL routing with different matching strategies:
//
// 1. Exact matching
// 2. Prefix matching
// 3. Folder/directory matching
// 4. Extension matching
// 5. Case insensitive matching
// 6. Regex matching (if ASYNCWEBSERVER_REGEX is enabled)
// 7. Factory functions for common patterns
//
// Test URLs:
// - Exact: http://192.168.4.1/exact
// - Prefix: http://192.168.4.1/prefix-anything
// - Folder: http://192.168.4.1/api/users, http://192.168.4.1/api/posts
// - Extension: http://192.168.4.1/images/photo.jpg, http://192.168.4.1/docs/readme.pdf
// - Case insensitive: http://192.168.4.1/CaSe or http://192.168.4.1/case
// - Wildcard: http://192.168.4.1/wildcard-test
#include <Arduino.h>
#if defined(ESP32) || defined(LIBRETINY)
#include <AsyncTCP.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#elif defined(ESP8266)
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <ESPAsyncTCP.h>
#elif defined(TARGET_RP2040) || defined(TARGET_RP2350) || defined(PICO_RP2040) || defined(PICO_RP2350)
#include <RPAsyncTCP.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#endif
#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
static AsyncWebServer server(80);
void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
Serial.println();
Serial.println("=== AsyncURIMatcher Example ===");
#if SOC_WIFI_SUPPORTED || CONFIG_ESP_WIFI_REMOTE_ENABLED || LT_ARD_HAS_WIFI || CONFIG_ESP32_WIFI_ENABLED
WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP);
WiFi.softAP("esp-captive");
Serial.print("AP IP address: ");
Serial.println(WiFi.softAPIP());
#endif
// =============================================================================
// 1. AUTO-DETECTION BEHAVIOR - traditional string-based routing
// =============================================================================
// Traditional string-based routing with auto-detection
// This uses URIMatchAuto which combines URIMatchPrefixFolder | URIMatchExact
// It will match BOTH "/auto" exactly AND "/auto/" + anything
server.on("/auto", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
Serial.println("Auto-Detection Match (Traditional)");
Serial.println("Matched URL: " + request->url());
Serial.println("Uses auto-detection: exact + folder matching");
request->send(200, "text/plain", "OK - Auto-detection match");
});
// Auto-detection for wildcard patterns (ends with *)
// This auto-detects as URIMatchPrefix
server.on("/wildcard*", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
Serial.println("Auto-Detected Wildcard (Prefix)");
Serial.println("Matched URL: " + request->url());
Serial.println("Auto-detected as prefix match due to trailing *");
request->send(200, "text/plain", "OK - Wildcard prefix match");
});
// Auto-detection for extension patterns (contains /*.ext)
// This auto-detects as URIMatchExtension
server.on("/auto-images/*.png", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
Serial.println("Auto-Detected Extension Pattern");
Serial.println("Matched URL: " + request->url());
Serial.println("Auto-detected as extension match due to /*.png pattern");
request->send(200, "text/plain", "OK - Extension match");
});
// =============================================================================
// 2. EXACT MATCHING - matches only the exact URL (explicit)
// =============================================================================
// Using factory function for exact match
server.on(AsyncURIMatcher::exact("/exact"), HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
Serial.println("Factory Exact Match");
Serial.println("Matched URL: " + request->url());
Serial.println("Uses AsyncURIMatcher::exact() factory function");
request->send(200, "text/plain", "OK - Factory exact match");
});
// =============================================================================
// 3. PREFIX MATCHING - matches URLs that start with the pattern
// =============================================================================
// Using factory function for prefix match
server.on(AsyncURIMatcher::prefix("/service"), HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
Serial.println("Service Prefix Match (Factory)");
Serial.println("Matched URL: " + request->url());
Serial.println("Uses AsyncURIMatcher::prefix() factory function");
request->send(200, "text/plain", "OK - Factory prefix match");
});
// =============================================================================
// 4. FOLDER/DIRECTORY MATCHING - matches URLs in a folder structure
// =============================================================================
// Folder match using factory function (automatically adds trailing slash)
server.on(AsyncURIMatcher::dir("/admin"), HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
Serial.println("Admin Directory Match");
Serial.println("Matched URL: " + request->url());
Serial.println("This matches URLs under /admin/ directory");
Serial.println("Note: /admin (without slash) will NOT match");
request->send(200, "text/plain", "OK - Directory match");
});
// =============================================================================
// 5. EXTENSION MATCHING - matches files with specific extensions
// =============================================================================
// Image extension matching
server.on(AsyncURIMatcher::ext("/images/*.jpg"), HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
Serial.println("JPG Image Handler");
Serial.println("Matched URL: " + request->url());
Serial.println("This matches any .jpg file under /images/");
request->send(200, "text/plain", "OK - Extension match");
});
// =============================================================================
// 6. CASE INSENSITIVE MATCHING
// =============================================================================
// Case insensitive exact match
server.on(AsyncURIMatcher::exact("/case", AsyncURIMatcher::CaseInsensitive), HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
Serial.println("Case Insensitive Match");
Serial.println("Matched URL: " + request->url());
Serial.println("This matches /case in any case combination");
request->send(200, "text/plain", "OK - Case insensitive match");
});
#ifdef ASYNCWEBSERVER_REGEX
// =============================================================================
// 7. REGEX MATCHING (only available if ASYNCWEBSERVER_REGEX is enabled)
// =============================================================================
// Regex match for numeric IDs
server.on(AsyncURIMatcher::regex("^/user/([0-9]+)$"), HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
Serial.println("Regex Match - User ID");
Serial.println("Matched URL: " + request->url());
if (request->pathArg(0).length() > 0) {
Serial.println("Captured User ID: " + request->pathArg(0));
}
Serial.println("This regex matches /user/{number} pattern");
request->send(200, "text/plain", "OK - Regex match");
});
#endif
// =============================================================================
// 8. COMBINED FLAGS EXAMPLE
// =============================================================================
// Combine multiple flags
server.on(AsyncURIMatcher::prefix("/MixedCase", AsyncURIMatcher::CaseInsensitive), HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
Serial.println("Combined Flags Example");
Serial.println("Matched URL: " + request->url());
Serial.println("Uses both AsyncURIMatcher::Prefix and AsyncURIMatcher::CaseInsensitive");
request->send(200, "text/plain", "OK - Combined flags match");
});
// =============================================================================
// 9. HOMEPAGE WITH NAVIGATION
// =============================================================================
server.on("/", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
Serial.println("Homepage accessed");
String response = R"(<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>AsyncURIMatcher Examples</title>
<style>
body { font-family: Arial, sans-serif; margin: 20px; }
h1 { color: #2E86AB; }
.test-link { display: block; margin: 5px 0; padding: 8px; background: #f0f0f0; text-decoration: none; color: #333; border-radius: 4px; }
.test-link:hover { background: #e0e0e0; }
.section { margin: 20px 0; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>AsyncURIMatcher Examples</h1>
<div class="section">
<h3>Auto-Detection (Traditional String Matching)</h3>
<a href="/auto" class="test-link">/auto (auto-detection: exact + folder)</a>
<a href="/auto/sub" class="test-link">/auto/sub (folder match)</a>
<a href="/wildcard-test" class="test-link">/wildcard-test (auto prefix)</a>
<a href="/auto-images/photo.png" class="test-link">/auto-images/photo.png (auto extension)</a>
</div>
<div class="section">
<h3>Factory Method Examples</h3>
<a href="/exact" class="test-link">/exact (factory exact)</a>
<a href="/service/status" class="test-link">/service/status (factory prefix)</a>
<a href="/admin/users" class="test-link">/admin/users (factory directory)</a>
<a href="/images/photo.jpg" class="test-link">/images/photo.jpg (factory extension)</a>
</div>
<div class="section">
<h3>Case Insensitive Matching</h3>
<a href="/case" class="test-link">/case (lowercase)</a>
<a href="/CASE" class="test-link">/CASE (uppercase)</a>
<a href="/CaSe" class="test-link">/CaSe (mixed case)</a>
</div>
)";
#ifdef ASYNCWEBSERVER_REGEX
response += R"( <div class="section">
<h3>Regex Matching</h3>
<a href="/user/123" class="test-link">/user/123 (regex numeric ID)</a>
<a href="/user/456" class="test-link">/user/456 (regex numeric ID)</a>
</div>
)";
#endif
response += R"( <div class="section">
<h3>Combined Flags</h3>
<a href="/mixedcase-test" class="test-link">/mixedcase-test (prefix + case insensitive)</a>
<a href="/MIXEDCASE/sub" class="test-link">/MIXEDCASE/sub (prefix + case insensitive)</a>
</div>
</body>
</html>)";
request->send(200, "text/html", response);
});
// =============================================================================
// 10. NOT FOUND HANDLER
// =============================================================================
server.onNotFound([](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
String html = "<h1>404 - Not Found</h1>";
html += "<p>The requested URL <strong>" + request->url() + "</strong> was not found.</p>";
html += "<p><a href='/'>← Back to Examples</a></p>";
request->send(404, "text/html", html);
});
server.begin();
Serial.println();
Serial.println("=== Server Started ===");
Serial.println("Open your browser and navigate to:");
Serial.println("http://192.168.4.1/ - Main examples page");
Serial.println();
Serial.println("Available test endpoints:");
Serial.println("• Auto-detection: /auto (exact+folder), /wildcard*, /auto-images/*.png");
Serial.println("• Exact matches: /exact");
Serial.println("• Prefix matches: /service*");
Serial.println("• Folder matches: /admin/*");
Serial.println("• Extension matches: /images/*.jpg");
Serial.println("• Case insensitive: /case (try /CASE, /Case)");
#ifdef ASYNCWEBSERVER_REGEX
Serial.println("• Regex matches: /user/123");
#endif
Serial.println("• Combined flags: /mixedcase*");
Serial.println();
}
void loop() {
// Nothing to do here - the server handles everything asynchronously
delay(1000);
}

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// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
//
// Test for ESPAsyncWebServer URI matching
//
// Usage: upload, connect to the AP and run test_routes.sh
//
#include <Arduino.h>
#if defined(ESP32) || defined(LIBRETINY)
#include <AsyncTCP.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#elif defined(ESP8266)
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <ESPAsyncTCP.h>
#elif defined(TARGET_RP2040) || defined(TARGET_RP2350) || defined(PICO_RP2040) || defined(PICO_RP2350)
#include <RPAsyncTCP.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#endif
#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
AsyncWebServer server(80);
void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
#if SOC_WIFI_SUPPORTED || CONFIG_ESP_WIFI_REMOTE_ENABLED || LT_ARD_HAS_WIFI || CONFIG_ESP32_WIFI_ENABLED
WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP);
WiFi.softAP("esp-captive");
#endif
// Status endpoint
server.on("/status", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
request->send(200, "text/plain", "OK");
});
// Exact paths, plus the subpath (/exact matches /exact/sub but not /exact-no-match)
server.on("/exact", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
request->send(200, "text/plain", "OK");
});
server.on("/api/users", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
request->send(200, "text/plain", "OK");
});
// Prefix matching
server.on("/api/*", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
request->send(200, "text/plain", "OK");
});
server.on("/files/*", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
request->send(200, "text/plain", "OK");
});
// Extensions
server.on("/*.json", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
request->send(200, "application/json", "{\"status\":\"OK\"}");
});
server.on("/*.css", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
request->send(200, "text/css", "/* OK */");
});
// =============================================================================
// NEW ASYNCURIMATCHER FACTORY METHODS TESTS
// =============================================================================
// Exact match using factory method (does NOT match subpaths like traditional)
server.on(AsyncURIMatcher::exact("/factory/exact"), HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
request->send(200, "text/plain", "OK");
});
// Prefix match using factory method
server.on(AsyncURIMatcher::prefix("/factory/prefix"), HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
request->send(200, "text/plain", "OK");
});
// Directory match using factory method (matches /dir/anything but not /dir itself)
server.on(AsyncURIMatcher::dir("/factory/dir"), HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
request->send(200, "text/plain", "OK");
});
// Extension match using factory method
server.on(AsyncURIMatcher::ext("/factory/files/*.txt"), HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
request->send(200, "text/plain", "OK");
});
// =============================================================================
// CASE INSENSITIVE MATCHING TESTS
// =============================================================================
// Case insensitive exact match
server.on(AsyncURIMatcher::exact("/case/exact", AsyncURIMatcher::CaseInsensitive), HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
request->send(200, "text/plain", "OK");
});
// Case insensitive prefix match
server.on(AsyncURIMatcher::prefix("/case/prefix", AsyncURIMatcher::CaseInsensitive), HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
request->send(200, "text/plain", "OK");
});
// Case insensitive directory match
server.on(AsyncURIMatcher::dir("/case/dir", AsyncURIMatcher::CaseInsensitive), HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
request->send(200, "text/plain", "OK");
});
// Case insensitive extension match
server.on(AsyncURIMatcher::ext("/case/files/*.PDF", AsyncURIMatcher::CaseInsensitive), HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
request->send(200, "text/plain", "OK");
});
#ifdef ASYNCWEBSERVER_REGEX
// Traditional regex patterns (backward compatibility)
server.on("^/user/([0-9]+)$", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
request->send(200, "text/plain", "OK");
});
server.on("^/blog/([0-9]{4})/([0-9]{2})/([0-9]{2})$", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
request->send(200, "text/plain", "OK");
});
// =============================================================================
// NEW ASYNCURIMATCHER REGEX FACTORY METHODS
// =============================================================================
// Regex match using factory method
server.on(AsyncURIMatcher::regex("^/factory/user/([0-9]+)$"), HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
request->send(200, "text/plain", "OK");
});
// Case insensitive regex match using factory method
server.on(AsyncURIMatcher::regex("^/factory/search/(.+)$", AsyncURIMatcher::CaseInsensitive), HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
request->send(200, "text/plain", "OK");
});
// Complex regex with multiple capture groups
server.on(AsyncURIMatcher::regex("^/factory/blog/([0-9]{4})/([0-9]{2})/([0-9]{2})$"), HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
request->send(200, "text/plain", "OK");
});
#endif
// =============================================================================
// SPECIAL MATCHERS
// =============================================================================
// Match all POST requests (catch-all before 404)
server.on(AsyncURIMatcher::all(), HTTP_POST, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
request->send(200, "text/plain", "OK");
});
// 404 handler
server.onNotFound([](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
request->send(404, "text/plain", "Not Found");
});
server.begin();
Serial.println("Server ready");
}
// not needed
void loop() {
delay(100);
}

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#!/bin/bash
# URI Matcher Test Script
# Tests all routes defined in URIMatcherTest.ino
SERVER_IP="${1:-192.168.4.1}"
SERVER_PORT="80"
BASE_URL="http://${SERVER_IP}:${SERVER_PORT}"
echo "Testing URI Matcher at $BASE_URL"
echo "=================================="
# Function to test a route
test_route() {
local path="$1"
local expected_status="$2"
local description="$3"
echo -n "Testing $path ... "
response=$(curl -s -w "HTTPSTATUS:%{http_code}" "$BASE_URL$path" 2>/dev/null)
status_code=$(echo "$response" | grep -o "HTTPSTATUS:[0-9]*" | cut -d: -f2)
if [ "$status_code" = "$expected_status" ]; then
echo "✅ PASS ($status_code)"
else
echo "❌ FAIL (expected $expected_status, got $status_code)"
return 1
fi
return 0
}
# Test counter
PASS=0
FAIL=0
# Test all routes that should return 200 OK
echo "Testing routes that should work (200 OK):"
if test_route "/status" "200" "Status endpoint"; then ((PASS++)); else ((FAIL++)); fi
if test_route "/exact" "200" "Exact path"; then ((PASS++)); else ((FAIL++)); fi
if test_route "/exact/" "200" "Exact path ending with /"; then ((PASS++)); else ((FAIL++)); fi
if test_route "/exact/sub" "200" "Exact path with subpath /"; then ((PASS++)); else ((FAIL++)); fi
if test_route "/api/users" "200" "Exact API path"; then ((PASS++)); else ((FAIL++)); fi
if test_route "/api/data" "200" "API prefix match"; then ((PASS++)); else ((FAIL++)); fi
if test_route "/api/v1/posts" "200" "API prefix deep"; then ((PASS++)); else ((FAIL++)); fi
if test_route "/files/document.pdf" "200" "Files prefix"; then ((PASS++)); else ((FAIL++)); fi
if test_route "/files/images/photo.jpg" "200" "Files prefix deep"; then ((PASS++)); else ((FAIL++)); fi
if test_route "/config.json" "200" "JSON extension"; then ((PASS++)); else ((FAIL++)); fi
if test_route "/data/settings.json" "200" "JSON extension in subfolder"; then ((PASS++)); else ((FAIL++)); fi
if test_route "/style.css" "200" "CSS extension"; then ((PASS++)); else ((FAIL++)); fi
if test_route "/assets/main.css" "200" "CSS extension in subfolder"; then ((PASS++)); else ((FAIL++)); fi
echo ""
echo "Testing AsyncURIMatcher factory methods:"
# Factory exact match (should NOT match subpaths)
if test_route "/factory/exact" "200" "Factory exact match"; then ((PASS++)); else ((FAIL++)); fi
# Factory prefix match
if test_route "/factory/prefix" "200" "Factory prefix base"; then ((PASS++)); else ((FAIL++)); fi
if test_route "/factory/prefix-test" "200" "Factory prefix extended"; then ((PASS++)); else ((FAIL++)); fi
if test_route "/factory/prefix/sub" "200" "Factory prefix subpath"; then ((PASS++)); else ((FAIL++)); fi
# Factory directory match (should NOT match the directory itself)
if test_route "/factory/dir/users" "200" "Factory directory match"; then ((PASS++)); else ((FAIL++)); fi
if test_route "/factory/dir/sub/path" "200" "Factory directory deep"; then ((PASS++)); else ((FAIL++)); fi
# Factory extension match
if test_route "/factory/files/doc.txt" "200" "Factory extension match"; then ((PASS++)); else ((FAIL++)); fi
if test_route "/factory/files/sub/readme.txt" "200" "Factory extension deep"; then ((PASS++)); else ((FAIL++)); fi
echo ""
echo "Testing case insensitive matching:"
# Case insensitive exact
if test_route "/case/exact" "200" "Case exact lowercase"; then ((PASS++)); else ((FAIL++)); fi
if test_route "/CASE/EXACT" "200" "Case exact uppercase"; then ((PASS++)); else ((FAIL++)); fi
if test_route "/Case/Exact" "200" "Case exact mixed"; then ((PASS++)); else ((FAIL++)); fi
# Case insensitive prefix
if test_route "/case/prefix" "200" "Case prefix lowercase"; then ((PASS++)); else ((FAIL++)); fi
if test_route "/CASE/PREFIX-test" "200" "Case prefix uppercase"; then ((PASS++)); else ((FAIL++)); fi
if test_route "/Case/Prefix/sub" "200" "Case prefix mixed"; then ((PASS++)); else ((FAIL++)); fi
# Case insensitive directory
if test_route "/case/dir/users" "200" "Case dir lowercase"; then ((PASS++)); else ((FAIL++)); fi
if test_route "/CASE/DIR/admin" "200" "Case dir uppercase"; then ((PASS++)); else ((FAIL++)); fi
if test_route "/Case/Dir/settings" "200" "Case dir mixed"; then ((PASS++)); else ((FAIL++)); fi
# Case insensitive extension
if test_route "/case/files/doc.pdf" "200" "Case ext lowercase"; then ((PASS++)); else ((FAIL++)); fi
if test_route "/CASE/FILES/DOC.PDF" "200" "Case ext uppercase"; then ((PASS++)); else ((FAIL++)); fi
if test_route "/Case/Files/Doc.Pdf" "200" "Case ext mixed"; then ((PASS++)); else ((FAIL++)); fi
echo ""
echo "Testing special matchers:"
# Test POST to catch-all (all() matcher)
echo -n "Testing POST /any/path (all matcher) ... "
response=$(curl -s -X POST -w "HTTPSTATUS:%{http_code}" "$BASE_URL/any/path" 2>/dev/null)
status_code=$(echo "$response" | grep -o "HTTPSTATUS:[0-9]*" | cut -d: -f2)
if [ "$status_code" = "200" ]; then
echo "✅ PASS ($status_code)"
((PASS++))
else
echo "❌ FAIL (expected 200, got $status_code)"
((FAIL++))
fi
# Check if regex is enabled by testing the server
echo ""
echo "Checking for regex support..."
regex_test=$(curl -s "$BASE_URL/user/123" 2>/dev/null)
if curl -s -w "%{http_code}" "$BASE_URL/user/123" 2>/dev/null | grep -q "200"; then
echo "Regex support detected - testing traditional regex routes:"
if test_route "/user/123" "200" "Traditional regex user ID"; then ((PASS++)); else ((FAIL++)); fi
if test_route "/user/456" "200" "Traditional regex user ID 2"; then ((PASS++)); else ((FAIL++)); fi
if test_route "/blog/2023/10/15" "200" "Traditional regex blog date"; then ((PASS++)); else ((FAIL++)); fi
if test_route "/blog/2024/12/25" "200" "Traditional regex blog date 2"; then ((PASS++)); else ((FAIL++)); fi
echo "Testing AsyncURIMatcher regex factory methods:"
if test_route "/factory/user/123" "200" "Factory regex user ID"; then ((PASS++)); else ((FAIL++)); fi
if test_route "/factory/user/789" "200" "Factory regex user ID 2"; then ((PASS++)); else ((FAIL++)); fi
if test_route "/factory/blog/2023/10/15" "200" "Factory regex blog date"; then ((PASS++)); else ((FAIL++)); fi
if test_route "/factory/blog/2024/12/31" "200" "Factory regex blog date 2"; then ((PASS++)); else ((FAIL++)); fi
# Case insensitive regex
if test_route "/factory/search/hello" "200" "Factory regex search lowercase"; then ((PASS++)); else ((FAIL++)); fi
if test_route "/FACTORY/SEARCH/WORLD" "200" "Factory regex search uppercase"; then ((PASS++)); else ((FAIL++)); fi
if test_route "/Factory/Search/Test" "200" "Factory regex search mixed"; then ((PASS++)); else ((FAIL++)); fi
# Test regex validation
if test_route "/user/abc" "404" "Invalid regex (letters instead of numbers)"; then ((PASS++)); else ((FAIL++)); fi
if test_route "/blog/23/10/15" "404" "Invalid regex (2-digit year)"; then ((PASS++)); else ((FAIL++)); fi
if test_route "/factory/user/abc" "404" "Factory regex invalid (letters)"; then ((PASS++)); else ((FAIL++)); fi
else
echo "Regex support not detected (compile with ASYNCWEBSERVER_REGEX to enable)"
fi
echo ""
echo "Testing routes that should fail (404 Not Found):"
if test_route "/nonexistent" "404" "Non-existent route"; then ((PASS++)); else ((FAIL++)); fi
# Test factory exact vs traditional behavior difference
if test_route "/factory/exact/sub" "404" "Factory exact should NOT match subpaths"; then ((PASS++)); else ((FAIL++)); fi
# Test factory directory requires trailing slash
if test_route "/factory/dir" "404" "Factory directory should NOT match without trailing slash"; then ((PASS++)); else ((FAIL++)); fi
# Test extension mismatch
if test_route "/factory/files/doc.pdf" "404" "Factory extension mismatch (.pdf vs .txt)"; then ((PASS++)); else ((FAIL++)); fi
# Test case sensitive when flag not used
if test_route "/exact" "200" "Traditional exact lowercase"; then ((PASS++)); else ((FAIL++)); fi
if test_route "/EXACT" "404" "Traditional exact should be case sensitive"; then ((PASS++)); else ((FAIL++)); fi
echo ""
echo "=================================="
echo "Test Results:"
echo "✅ Passed: $PASS"
echo "❌ Failed: $FAIL"
echo "Total: $((PASS + FAIL))"
if [ $FAIL -eq 0 ]; then
echo ""
echo "🎉 All tests passed! URI matching is working correctly."
exit 0
else
echo ""
echo "❌ Some tests failed. Check the server and routes."
exit 1
fi

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// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
//
// Demo text, binary and file upload
//
#include <Arduino.h>
#if defined(ESP32) || defined(LIBRETINY)
#include <AsyncTCP.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#elif defined(ESP8266)
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <ESPAsyncTCP.h>
#elif defined(TARGET_RP2040) || defined(TARGET_RP2350) || defined(PICO_RP2040) || defined(PICO_RP2350)
#include <RPAsyncTCP.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#endif
#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
#include <StreamString.h>
#include <LittleFS.h>
static AsyncWebServer server(80);
void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
if (!LittleFS.begin()) {
LittleFS.format();
LittleFS.begin();
}
#if SOC_WIFI_SUPPORTED || CONFIG_ESP_WIFI_REMOTE_ENABLED || LT_ARD_HAS_WIFI || CONFIG_ESP32_WIFI_ENABLED
WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP);
WiFi.softAP("esp-captive");
#endif
// 1. Generate a Lorem_ipsum.txt file of about 20KB of text
//
// 3. Run: curl -v -F "data=@Lorem_ipsum.txt" http://192.168.4.1/upload/text
//
server.on(
"/upload/text", HTTP_POST,
[](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
if (!request->_tempObject) {
return request->send(400, "text/plain", "Nothing uploaded");
}
StreamString *buffer = reinterpret_cast<StreamString *>(request->_tempObject);
Serial.printf("Text uploaded:\n%s\n", buffer->c_str());
delete buffer;
request->_tempObject = nullptr;
request->send(200, "text/plain", "OK");
},
[](AsyncWebServerRequest *request, String filename, size_t index, uint8_t *data, size_t len, bool final) {
Serial.printf("Upload[%s]: start=%u, len=%u, final=%d\n", filename.c_str(), index, len, final);
if (!index) {
// first pass
StreamString *buffer = new StreamString();
size_t size = std::max(4094l, request->header("Content-Length").toInt());
Serial.printf("Allocating string buffer of %u bytes\n", size);
if (!buffer->reserve(size)) {
delete buffer;
request->abort();
return;
}
request->_tempObject = buffer;
}
if (len) {
reinterpret_cast<StreamString *>(request->_tempObject)->write(data, len);
}
}
);
// 1. Generate a Lorem_ipsum.txt file of about 20KB of text
//
// 3. Run: curl -v -F "data=@Lorem_ipsum.txt" http://192.168.4.1/upload/file
//
server.on(
"/upload/file", HTTP_POST,
[](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
if (request->getResponse()) {
// 400 File not available for writing
return;
}
if (!LittleFS.exists("/my_file.txt")) {
return request->send(400, "text/plain", "Nothing uploaded");
}
// sends back the uploaded file
request->send(LittleFS, "/my_file.txt", "text/plain");
},
[](AsyncWebServerRequest *request, String filename, size_t index, uint8_t *data, size_t len, bool final) {
Serial.printf("Upload[%s]: start=%u, len=%u, final=%d\n", filename.c_str(), index, len, final);
if (!index) {
request->_tempFile = LittleFS.open("/my_file.txt", "w");
if (!request->_tempFile) {
request->send(400, "text/plain", "File not available for writing");
return;
}
}
if (len) {
request->_tempFile.write(data, len);
}
if (final) {
request->_tempFile.close();
}
}
);
//
// Upload a binary file: curl -v -F "data=@file.mp3" http://192.168.4.1/upload/binary
//
server.on(
"/upload/binary", HTTP_POST,
[](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
// response already set ?
if (request->getResponse()) {
// 400 No Content-Length
return;
}
// nothing uploaded ?
if (!request->_tempObject) {
return request->send(400, "text/plain", "Nothing uploaded");
}
uint8_t *buffer = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(request->_tempObject);
// process the buffer
delete buffer;
request->_tempObject = nullptr;
request->send(200, "text/plain", "OK");
},
[](AsyncWebServerRequest *request, String filename, size_t index, uint8_t *data, size_t len, bool final) {
Serial.printf("Upload[%s]: start=%u, len=%u, final=%d\n", filename.c_str(), index, len, final);
// first pass ?
if (!index) {
// Note: using content type to determine size is not reliable!
size_t size = request->header("Content-Length").toInt();
if (!size) {
request->send(400, "text/plain", "No Content-Length");
} else {
Serial.printf("Allocating buffer of %u bytes\n", size);
uint8_t *buffer = new (std::nothrow) uint8_t[size];
if (!buffer) {
// not enough memory
request->abort();
return;
} else {
request->_tempObject = buffer;
}
}
}
if (len) {
memcpy(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(request->_tempObject) + index, data, len);
}
}
);
server.begin();
}
// not needed
void loop() {
delay(100);
}

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// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
//
// Demo to upload a firmware and filesystem image via multipart form data
//
#include <Arduino.h>
#if defined(ESP32) || defined(LIBRETINY)
#include <AsyncTCP.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#elif defined(ESP8266)
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <ESPAsyncTCP.h>
#elif defined(TARGET_RP2040) || defined(TARGET_RP2350) || defined(PICO_RP2040) || defined(PICO_RP2350)
#include <RPAsyncTCP.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#endif
#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
#include <StreamString.h>
#include <LittleFS.h>
// ESP32 example ONLY
#ifdef ESP32
#include <Update.h>
#endif
static AsyncWebServer server(80);
void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
if (!LittleFS.begin()) {
LittleFS.format();
LittleFS.begin();
}
#if SOC_WIFI_SUPPORTED || CONFIG_ESP_WIFI_REMOTE_ENABLED || LT_ARD_HAS_WIFI || CONFIG_ESP32_WIFI_ENABLED
WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP);
WiFi.softAP("esp-captive");
#endif
// ESP32 example ONLY
#ifdef ESP32
// Shows how to get the fw and fs (names) and filenames from a multipart upload,
// and also how to handle multiple file uploads in a single request.
//
// This example also shows how to pass and handle different parameters having the same name in query string, post form and content-disposition.
//
// Execute in the terminal, in order:
//
// 1. Build firmware: pio run -e arduino-3
// 2. Build FS image: pio run -e arduino-3 -t buildfs
// 3. Flash both at the same time: curl -v -F "name=Bob" -F "fw=@.pio/build/arduino-3/firmware.bin" -F "fs=@.pio/build/arduino-3/littlefs.bin" http://192.168.4.1/flash?name=Bill
//
server.on(
"/flash", HTTP_POST,
[](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
if (request->getResponse()) {
// response already created
return;
}
// list all parameters
Serial.println("Request parameters:");
const size_t params = request->params();
for (size_t i = 0; i < params; i++) {
const AsyncWebParameter *p = request->getParam(i);
Serial.printf("Param[%u]: %s=%s, isPost=%d, isFile=%d, size=%u\n", i, p->name().c_str(), p->value().c_str(), p->isPost(), p->isFile(), p->size());
}
Serial.println("Flash / Filesystem upload completed");
request->send(200, "text/plain", "Upload complete");
},
[](AsyncWebServerRequest *request, String filename, size_t index, uint8_t *data, size_t len, bool final) {
Serial.printf("Upload[%s]: index=%u, len=%u, final=%d\n", filename.c_str(), index, len, final);
if (request->getResponse() != nullptr) {
// upload aborted
return;
}
// start a new content-disposition upload
if (!index) {
// list all parameters
const size_t params = request->params();
for (size_t i = 0; i < params; i++) {
const AsyncWebParameter *p = request->getParam(i);
Serial.printf("Param[%u]: %s=%s, isPost=%d, isFile=%d, size=%u\n", i, p->name().c_str(), p->value().c_str(), p->isPost(), p->isFile(), p->size());
}
// get the content-disposition parameter
const AsyncWebParameter *p = request->getParam(asyncsrv::T_name, true, true);
if (p == nullptr) {
request->send(400, "text/plain", "Missing content-disposition 'name' parameter");
return;
}
// determine upload type based on the parameter name
if (p->value() == "fs") {
Serial.printf("Filesystem image upload for file: %s\n", filename.c_str());
if (!Update.begin(UPDATE_SIZE_UNKNOWN, U_SPIFFS)) {
Update.printError(Serial);
request->send(400, "text/plain", "Update begin failed");
return;
}
} else if (p->value() == "fw") {
Serial.printf("Firmware image upload for file: %s\n", filename.c_str());
if (!Update.begin(UPDATE_SIZE_UNKNOWN, U_FLASH)) {
Update.printError(Serial);
request->send(400, "text/plain", "Update begin failed");
return;
}
} else {
Serial.printf("Unknown upload type for file: %s\n", filename.c_str());
request->send(400, "text/plain", "Unknown upload type");
return;
}
}
// some bytes to write ?
if (len) {
if (Update.write(data, len) != len) {
Update.printError(Serial);
Update.end();
request->send(400, "text/plain", "Update write failed");
return;
}
}
// finish the content-disposition upload
if (final) {
if (!Update.end(true)) {
Update.printError(Serial);
request->send(400, "text/plain", "Update end failed");
return;
}
// success response is created in the final request handler when all uploads are completed
Serial.printf("Upload success of file %s\n", filename.c_str());
}
}
);
#endif
server.begin();
}
// not needed
void loop() {
delay(100);
}

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// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
//
// WebSocket example
//
#include <Arduino.h>
#if defined(ESP32) || defined(LIBRETINY)
#include <AsyncTCP.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#elif defined(ESP8266)
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <ESPAsyncTCP.h>
#elif defined(TARGET_RP2040) || defined(TARGET_RP2350) || defined(PICO_RP2040) || defined(PICO_RP2350)
#include <RPAsyncTCP.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#endif
#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
static AsyncWebServer server(80);
static AsyncWebSocket ws("/ws");
void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
#if SOC_WIFI_SUPPORTED || CONFIG_ESP_WIFI_REMOTE_ENABLED || LT_ARD_HAS_WIFI || CONFIG_ESP32_WIFI_ENABLED
WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP);
WiFi.softAP("esp-captive");
#endif
//
// Run in terminal 1: websocat ws://192.168.4.1/ws => should stream data
// Run in terminal 2: websocat ws://192.168.4.1/ws => should stream data
// Run in terminal 3: websocat ws://192.168.4.1/ws => should fail:
//
// To send a message to the WebSocket server:
//
// echo "Hello!" | websocat ws://192.168.4.1/ws
//
ws.onEvent([](AsyncWebSocket *server, AsyncWebSocketClient *client, AwsEventType type, void *arg, uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
(void)len;
if (type == WS_EVT_CONNECT) {
ws.textAll("new client connected");
Serial.println("ws connect");
client->setCloseClientOnQueueFull(false);
client->ping();
} else if (type == WS_EVT_DISCONNECT) {
ws.textAll("client disconnected");
Serial.println("ws disconnect");
} else if (type == WS_EVT_ERROR) {
Serial.println("ws error");
} else if (type == WS_EVT_PONG) {
Serial.println("ws pong");
} else if (type == WS_EVT_DATA) {
AwsFrameInfo *info = (AwsFrameInfo *)arg;
Serial.printf("index: %" PRIu64 ", len: %" PRIu64 ", final: %" PRIu8 ", opcode: %" PRIu8 "\n", info->index, info->len, info->final, info->opcode);
String msg = "";
if (info->final && info->index == 0 && info->len == len) {
if (info->opcode == WS_TEXT) {
data[len] = 0;
Serial.printf("ws text: %s\n", (char *)data);
}
}
}
});
// shows how to prevent a third WS client to connect
server.addHandler(&ws).addMiddleware([](AsyncWebServerRequest *request, ArMiddlewareNext next) {
// ws.count() is the current count of WS clients: this one is trying to upgrade its HTTP connection
if (ws.count() > 1) {
// if we have 2 clients or more, prevent the next one to connect
request->send(503, "text/plain", "Server is busy");
} else {
// process next middleware and at the end the handler
next();
}
});
server.addHandler(&ws);
server.begin();
}
static uint32_t lastWS = 0;
static uint32_t deltaWS = 100;
static uint32_t lastHeap = 0;
void loop() {
uint32_t now = millis();
if (now - lastWS >= deltaWS) {
ws.printfAll("kp%.4f", (10.0 / 3.0));
lastWS = millis();
}
if (now - lastHeap >= 2000) {
Serial.printf("Connected clients: %u / %u total\n", ws.count(), ws.getClients().size());
// this can be called to also set a soft limit on the number of connected clients
ws.cleanupClients(2); // no more than 2 clients
#ifdef ESP32
Serial.printf("Free heap: %" PRIu32 "\n", ESP.getFreeHeap());
#endif
lastHeap = now;
}
}

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// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
//
// WebSocket example using the easy to use AsyncWebSocketMessageHandler handler that only supports unfragmented messages
//
#include <Arduino.h>
#if defined(ESP32) || defined(LIBRETINY)
#include <AsyncTCP.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#elif defined(ESP8266)
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <ESPAsyncTCP.h>
#elif defined(TARGET_RP2040) || defined(TARGET_RP2350) || defined(PICO_RP2040) || defined(PICO_RP2350)
#include <RPAsyncTCP.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#endif
#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
static AsyncWebServer server(80);
// create an easy-to-use handler
static AsyncWebSocketMessageHandler wsHandler;
// add it to the websocket server
static AsyncWebSocket ws("/ws", wsHandler.eventHandler());
// alternatively you can do as usual:
//
// static AsyncWebSocket ws("/ws");
// ws.onEvent(wsHandler.eventHandler());
static const char *htmlContent PROGMEM = R"(
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>WebSocket</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>WebSocket Example</h1>
<>Open your browser console!</p>
<input type="text" id="message" placeholder="Type a message">
<button onclick='sendMessage()'>Send</button>
<script>
var ws = new WebSocket('ws://192.168.4.1/ws');
ws.onopen = function() {
console.log("WebSocket connected");
};
ws.onmessage = function(event) {
console.log("WebSocket message: " + event.data);
};
ws.onclose = function() {
console.log("WebSocket closed");
};
ws.onerror = function(error) {
console.log("WebSocket error: " + error);
};
function sendMessage() {
var message = document.getElementById("message").value;
ws.send(message);
console.log("WebSocket sent: " + message);
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
)";
static const size_t htmlContentLength = strlen_P(htmlContent);
void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
#if SOC_WIFI_SUPPORTED || CONFIG_ESP_WIFI_REMOTE_ENABLED || LT_ARD_HAS_WIFI || CONFIG_ESP32_WIFI_ENABLED
WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP);
WiFi.softAP("esp-captive");
#endif
// serves root html page
server.on("/", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
request->send(200, "text/html", (const uint8_t *)htmlContent, htmlContentLength);
});
wsHandler.onConnect([](AsyncWebSocket *server, AsyncWebSocketClient *client) {
Serial.printf("Client %" PRIu32 " connected\n", client->id());
server->textAll("New client: " + String(client->id()));
});
wsHandler.onDisconnect([](AsyncWebSocket *server, uint32_t clientId) {
Serial.printf("Client %" PRIu32 " disconnected\n", clientId);
server->textAll("Client " + String(clientId) + " disconnected");
});
wsHandler.onError([](AsyncWebSocket *server, AsyncWebSocketClient *client, uint16_t errorCode, const char *reason, size_t len) {
Serial.printf("Client %" PRIu32 " error: %" PRIu16 ": %s\n", client->id(), errorCode, reason);
});
wsHandler.onMessage([](AsyncWebSocket *server, AsyncWebSocketClient *client, const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
Serial.printf("Client %" PRIu32 " data: %s\n", client->id(), (const char *)data);
});
wsHandler.onFragment([](AsyncWebSocket *server, AsyncWebSocketClient *client, const AwsFrameInfo *frameInfo, const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
Serial.printf("Client %" PRIu32 " fragment %" PRIu32 ": %s\n", client->id(), frameInfo->num, (const char *)data);
});
server.addHandler(&ws);
server.begin();
}
static uint32_t lastWS = 0;
static uint32_t deltaWS = 2000;
void loop() {
uint32_t now = millis();
if (now - lastWS >= deltaWS) {
ws.cleanupClients();
ws.printfAll("now: %" PRIu32 "\n", now);
lastWS = millis();
#ifdef ESP32
Serial.printf("Free heap: %" PRIu32 "\n", ESP.getFreeHeap());
#endif
}
}

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description: "Async Web Server for ESP32 Arduino"
url: "https://github.com/ESP32Async/ESPAsyncWebServer"
license: "LGPL-3.0-or-later"
tags:
- arduino
files:
exclude:
- "idf_component_examples/"
- "idf_component_examples/**/*"
- "docs/"
- "docs/*"
- "examples/"
- "examples/**/*"
- ".gitignore"
- ".clang-format"
- ".gitpod.Dockerfile"
- ".gitpod.yml"
- ".codespellrc"
- ".editorconfig"
- ".pre-commit-config.yaml"
- "CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md"
- "library.json"
- "library.properties"
- "partitions-4MB.csv"
- "platformio.ini"
- "pre-commit.requirements.txt"
dependencies:
espressif/arduino-esp32:
version: "^3.1.1"
require: public
esp32async/asynctcp:
version: "^3.4.9"
require: public
bblanchon/arduinojson:
version: "^7.4.2"
require: public
examples:
- path: ./idf_component_examples/catchall
- path: ./idf_component_examples/serversentevents
- path: ./idf_component_examples/websocket

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# For more information about build system see
# https://docs.espressif.com/projects/esp-idf/en/latest/api-guides/build-system.html
# The following five lines of boilerplate have to be in your project's
# CMakeLists in this exact order for cmake to work correctly
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.16)
include($ENV{IDF_PATH}/tools/cmake/project.cmake)
project(main)

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### Basic example to show how to catch all requests and send a 404 Not Found response

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idf_component_register(SRCS "main.cpp"
INCLUDE_DIRS ".")

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## IDF Component Manager Manifest File
dependencies:
esp32async/espasyncwebserver:
version: "*"
override_path: "../../../"
pre_release: true

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// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
//
// Shows how to catch all requests and send a 404 Not Found response
//
#include <Arduino.h>
#include <AsyncTCP.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
static AsyncWebServer server(80);
static const char *htmlContent PROGMEM = R"(
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Sample HTML</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Hello, World!</h1>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
</body>
</html>
)";
static const size_t htmlContentLength = strlen_P(htmlContent);
void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
#if SOC_WIFI_SUPPORTED || CONFIG_ESP_WIFI_REMOTE_ENABLED || LT_ARD_HAS_WIFI || CONFIG_ESP32_WIFI_ENABLED
WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP);
WiFi.softAP("esp-captive");
#endif
// curl -v http://192.168.4.1/
server.on("/", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
// need to cast to uint8_t*
// if you do not, the const char* will be copied in a temporary String buffer
request->send(200, "text/html", (uint8_t *)htmlContent, htmlContentLength);
});
// catch any request, and send a 404 Not Found response
// except for /game_log which is handled by onRequestBody
//
// curl -v http://192.168.4.1/foo
//
server.onNotFound([](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
if (request->url() == "/game_log") {
return; // response object already created by onRequestBody
}
request->send(404, "text/plain", "Not found");
});
// See: https://github.com/ESP32Async/ESPAsyncWebServer/issues/6
// catch any POST request and send a 200 OK response
//
// curl -v -X POST http://192.168.4.1/game_log -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"game": "test"}'
//
server.onRequestBody([](AsyncWebServerRequest *request, uint8_t *data, size_t len, size_t index, size_t total) {
if (request->url() == "/game_log") {
request->send(200, "application/json", "{\"status\":\"OK\"}");
}
// note that there is no else here: the goal is only to prepare a response based on some body content
// onNotFound will always be called after this, and will not override the response object if `/game_log` is requested
});
server.begin();
}
// not needed
void loop() {
delay(100);
}

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#
# Arduino ESP32
#
CONFIG_AUTOSTART_ARDUINO=y
# end of Arduino ESP32
#
# FREERTOS
#
CONFIG_FREERTOS_HZ=1000
# end of FREERTOS
# end of Component config

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# For more information about build system see
# https://docs.espressif.com/projects/esp-idf/en/latest/api-guides/build-system.html
# The following five lines of boilerplate have to be in your project's
# CMakeLists in this exact order for cmake to work correctly
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.16)
include($ENV{IDF_PATH}/tools/cmake/project.cmake)
project(main)

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### Basic example to show how to use ServerSentEvents

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idf_component_register(SRCS "main.cpp"
INCLUDE_DIRS ".")

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## IDF Component Manager Manifest File
dependencies:
esp32async/espasyncwebserver:
version: "*"
override_path: "../../../"
pre_release: true

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// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
//
// SSE example
//
#include <Arduino.h>
#include <AsyncTCP.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
static const char *htmlContent PROGMEM = R"(
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Server-Sent Events</title>
<script>
if (!!window.EventSource) {
var source = new EventSource('/events');
source.addEventListener('open', function(e) {
console.log("Events Connected");
}, false);
source.addEventListener('error', function(e) {
if (e.target.readyState != EventSource.OPEN) {
console.log("Events Disconnected");
}
}, false);
source.addEventListener('message', function(e) {
console.log("message", e.data);
}, false);
source.addEventListener('heartbeat', function(e) {
console.log("heartbeat", e.data);
}, false);
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Open your browser console!</h1>
</body>
</html>
)";
static const size_t htmlContentLength = strlen_P(htmlContent);
static AsyncWebServer server(80);
static AsyncEventSource events("/events");
void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
#if SOC_WIFI_SUPPORTED || CONFIG_ESP_WIFI_REMOTE_ENABLED || LT_ARD_HAS_WIFI || CONFIG_ESP32_WIFI_ENABLED
WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP);
WiFi.softAP("esp-captive");
#endif
// curl -v http://192.168.4.1/
server.on("/", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
// need to cast to uint8_t*
// if you do not, the const char* will be copied in a temporary String buffer
request->send(200, "text/html", (uint8_t *)htmlContent, htmlContentLength);
});
events.onConnect([](AsyncEventSourceClient *client) {
Serial.printf("SSE Client connected! ID: %" PRIu32 "\n", client->lastId());
client->send("hello!", NULL, millis(), 1000);
});
events.onDisconnect([](AsyncEventSourceClient *client) {
Serial.printf("SSE Client disconnected! ID: %" PRIu32 "\n", client->lastId());
});
server.addHandler(&events);
server.begin();
}
static uint32_t lastSSE = 0;
static uint32_t deltaSSE = 3000;
static uint32_t lastHeap = 0;
void loop() {
uint32_t now = millis();
if (now - lastSSE >= deltaSSE) {
events.send(String("ping-") + now, "heartbeat", now);
lastSSE = millis();
}
if (now - lastHeap >= 2000) {
Serial.printf("Free heap: %" PRIu32 "\n", ESP.getFreeHeap());
lastHeap = now;
}
}

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#
# Arduino ESP32
#
CONFIG_AUTOSTART_ARDUINO=y
# end of Arduino ESP32
#
# FREERTOS
#
CONFIG_FREERTOS_HZ=1000
# end of FREERTOS
# end of Component config

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# For more information about build system see
# https://docs.espressif.com/projects/esp-idf/en/latest/api-guides/build-system.html
# The following five lines of boilerplate have to be in your project's
# CMakeLists in this exact order for cmake to work correctly
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.16)
include($ENV{IDF_PATH}/tools/cmake/project.cmake)
project(main)

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### Basic example to show how to use WebSockets

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idf_component_register(SRCS "main.cpp"
INCLUDE_DIRS ".")

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## IDF Component Manager Manifest File
dependencies:
esp32async/espasyncwebserver:
version: "*"
override_path: "../../../"
pre_release: true

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// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
//
// WebSocket example
//
#include <Arduino.h>
#include <AsyncTCP.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
static AsyncWebServer server(80);
static AsyncWebSocket ws("/ws");
void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
#if SOC_WIFI_SUPPORTED || CONFIG_ESP_WIFI_REMOTE_ENABLED || LT_ARD_HAS_WIFI || CONFIG_ESP32_WIFI_ENABLED
WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP);
WiFi.softAP("esp-captive");
#endif
//
// Run in terminal 1: websocat ws://192.168.4.1/ws => should stream data
// Run in terminal 2: websocat ws://192.168.4.1/ws => should stream data
// Run in terminal 3: websocat ws://192.168.4.1/ws => should fail:
//
// To send a message to the WebSocket server:
//
// echo "Hello!" | websocat ws://192.168.4.1/ws
//
ws.onEvent([](AsyncWebSocket *server, AsyncWebSocketClient *client, AwsEventType type, void *arg, uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
(void)len;
if (type == WS_EVT_CONNECT) {
ws.textAll("new client connected");
Serial.println("ws connect");
client->setCloseClientOnQueueFull(false);
client->ping();
} else if (type == WS_EVT_DISCONNECT) {
ws.textAll("client disconnected");
Serial.println("ws disconnect");
} else if (type == WS_EVT_ERROR) {
Serial.println("ws error");
} else if (type == WS_EVT_PONG) {
Serial.println("ws pong");
} else if (type == WS_EVT_DATA) {
AwsFrameInfo *info = (AwsFrameInfo *)arg;
String msg = "";
if (info->final && info->index == 0 && info->len == len) {
if (info->opcode == WS_TEXT) {
data[len] = 0;
Serial.printf("ws text: %s\n", (char *)data);
}
}
}
});
// shows how to prevent a third WS client to connect
server.addHandler(&ws).addMiddleware([](AsyncWebServerRequest *request, ArMiddlewareNext next) {
// ws.count() is the current count of WS clients: this one is trying to upgrade its HTTP connection
if (ws.count() > 1) {
// if we have 2 clients or more, prevent the next one to connect
request->send(503, "text/plain", "Server is busy");
} else {
// process next middleware and at the end the handler
next();
}
});
server.addHandler(&ws);
server.begin();
}
static uint32_t lastWS = 0;
static uint32_t deltaWS = 100;
static uint32_t lastHeap = 0;
void loop() {
uint32_t now = millis();
if (now - lastWS >= deltaWS) {
ws.printfAll("kp%.4f", (10.0 / 3.0));
lastWS = millis();
}
if (now - lastHeap >= 2000) {
// cleanup disconnected clients or too many clients
ws.cleanupClients();
Serial.printf("Free heap: %" PRIu32 "\n", ESP.getFreeHeap());
lastHeap = now;
}
}

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#
# Arduino ESP32
#
CONFIG_AUTOSTART_ARDUINO=y
# end of Arduino ESP32
#
# FREERTOS
#
CONFIG_FREERTOS_HZ=1000
# end of FREERTOS
# end of Component config

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{
"name": "ESPAsyncWebServer",
"version": "3.9.0",
"description": "Asynchronous HTTP and WebSocket Server Library for ESP32, ESP8266 and RP2040. Supports: WebSocket, SSE, Authentication, Arduino Json 7, File Upload, Static File serving, URL Rewrite, URL Redirect, etc.",
"keywords": "http,async,websocket,webserver",
"homepage": "https://github.com/ESP32Async/ESPAsyncWebServer",
"repository": {
"type": "git",
"url": "https://github.com/ESP32Async/ESPAsyncWebServer.git"
},
"authors":
{
"name": "ESP32Async",
"maintainer": true
},
"license": "LGPL-3.0",
"frameworks": "arduino",
"platforms": [
"espressif32",
"espressif8266",
"raspberrypi",
"libretiny"
],
"dependencies": [
{
"owner": "ESP32Async",
"name": "AsyncTCP",
"version": "^3.4.9",
"platforms": [
"espressif32",
"libretiny"
]
},
{
"owner": "ESP32Async",
"name": "ESPAsyncTCP",
"version": "^2.0.0",
"platforms": "espressif8266"
},
{
"name": "Hash",
"platforms": "espressif8266"
},
{
"owner": "ayushsharma82",
"name": "RPAsyncTCP",
"version": "^1.3.2",
"platforms": "raspberrypi"
}
],
"export": {
"include": [
"examples",
"src",
"library.json",
"library.properties",
"LICENSE",
"README.md"
]
}
}

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name=ESP Async WebServer
includes=ESPAsyncWebServer.h
version=3.9.0
author=ESP32Async
maintainer=ESP32Async
sentence=Asynchronous HTTP and WebSocket Server Library for ESP32, ESP8266 and RP2040
paragraph=Supports: WebSocket, SSE, Authentication, Arduino Json 7, File Upload, Static File serving, URL Rewrite, URL Redirect, etc
category=Other
url=https://github.com/ESP32Async/ESPAsyncWebServer
architectures=*
license=LGPL-3.0

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# Name ,Type ,SubType ,Offset ,Size ,Flags
nvs ,data ,nvs ,36K ,20K ,
otadata ,data ,ota ,56K ,8K ,
app0 ,app ,ota_0 ,64K ,1856K ,
app1 ,app ,ota_1 ,1920K ,1856K ,
spiffs ,data ,spiffs ,3776K ,256K ,
coredump ,data ,coredump ,4032K ,64K ,
1 # Name Type SubType Offset Size Flags
2 nvs data nvs 36K 20K
3 otadata data ota 56K 8K
4 app0 app ota_0 64K 1856K
5 app1 app ota_1 1920K 1856K
6 spiffs data spiffs 3776K 256K
7 coredump data coredump 4032K 64K

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[env]
framework = arduino
platform = https://github.com/pioarduino/platform-espressif32/releases/download/55.03.34/platform-espressif32.zip
build_flags =
-Og
-Wall -Wextra
-Wno-unused-parameter
-D CORE_DEBUG_LEVEL=ARDUHAL_LOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE
; -D CONFIG_ASYNC_TCP_MAX_ACK_TIME=5000
; -D CONFIG_ASYNC_TCP_PRIORITY=10
-D CONFIG_ASYNC_TCP_QUEUE_SIZE=128
-D CONFIG_ASYNC_TCP_RUNNING_CORE=1
-D CONFIG_ASYNC_TCP_STACK_SIZE=4096
upload_protocol = esptool
monitor_speed = 115200
monitor_filters = esp32_exception_decoder, log2file
lib_compat_mode = strict
lib_ldf_mode = chain
lib_deps =
ESP32Async/AsyncTCP @ 3.4.9
ESP32Async/ESpAsyncWebServer @ 3.8.1
custom_component_remove =
espressif/esp_hosted
espressif/esp_wifi_remote
espressif/esp-dsp
espressif/esp32-camera
espressif/libsodium
espressif/esp-modbus
espressif/qrcode
espressif/esp_insights
espressif/esp_diag_data_store
espressif/esp_diagnostics
espressif/esp_rainmaker
espressif/rmaker_common
custom_sdkconfig = CONFIG_LWIP_MAX_ACTIVE_TCP=32
[env:esp32dev]
board = esp32dev

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@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
//
// This example demonstrates how to increase the maximum number of active TCP connections
//
// in platformo.ini:
//
// Use hybrid compilation to set the maximum number of active TCP connections
//
// custom_sdkconfig = CONFIG_LWIP_MAX_ACTIVE_TCP=32
//
// and increase the queue stack size
//
// -D CONFIG_ASYNC_TCP_QUEUE_SIZE=128
//
#include <Arduino.h>
#include <AsyncTCP.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
static const char *htmlContent PROGMEM = R"(
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Sample HTML</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Hello, World!</h1>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod, purus a euismod
rhoncus, urna ipsum cursus massa, eu dictum tellus justo ac justo. Quisque ullamcorper
arcu nec tortor ullamcorper, vel fermentum justo fermentum. Vivamus sed velit ut elit
accumsan congue ut ut enim. Ut eu justo eu lacus varius gravida ut a tellus. Nulla facilisi.
Integer auctor consectetur ultricies. Fusce feugiat, mi sit amet bibendum viverra, orci leo
dapibus elit, id varius sem dui id lacus.</p>
</body>
</html>
)";
static const size_t htmlContentLength = strlen_P(htmlContent);
static AsyncWebServer server(80);
static AsyncEventSource events("/events");
static volatile size_t requests = 0;
void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
Serial.println("============================");
Serial.printf("CONFIG_LWIP_MAX_ACTIVE_TCP %d\n", CONFIG_LWIP_MAX_ACTIVE_TCP);
Serial.println("============================");
WiFi.mode(WIFI_STA);
WiFi.begin("IoT", "");
while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
delay(500);
Serial.println("Connecting to WiFi...");
}
// HTTP endpoint
//
// > autocannon -c 32 -d 20 -t 30 --renderStatusCodes http://192.168.125.146/
//
server.on("/", HTTP_GET, [](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
requests++;
request->send(200, "text/html", (uint8_t *)htmlContent, htmlContentLength);
});
// SSS endpoint
//
// launch 32 concurrent workers for 30 seconds
// > for i in {1..32}; do ( count=$(gtimeout 30 curl -s -N -H "Accept: text/event-stream" http://192.168.125.146/events 2>&1 | grep -c "^data:"); echo "Total: $count events, $(echo "$count / 4" | bc -l) events / second" ) & done;
//
server.addHandler(&events);
server.begin();
}
static uint32_t lastSSE = 0;
static uint32_t deltaSSE = 10;
static uint32_t lastHeap = 0;
void loop() {
uint32_t now = millis();
if (now - lastSSE >= deltaSSE) {
events.send(String("ping-") + now, "heartbeat", now);
lastSSE = millis();
}
#ifdef ESP32
if (now - lastHeap >= 2000) {
Serial.printf("Uptime: %3lu s, requests: %3u, Free heap: %" PRIu32 "\n", millis() / 1000, requests, ESP.getFreeHeap());
lastHeap = now;
}
#endif
}

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[platformio]
default_envs = arduino-2, arduino-3, esp8266, raspberrypi
lib_dir = .
; src_dir = examples/AsyncResponseStream
; src_dir = examples/AsyncTunnel
; src_dir = examples/Auth
; src_dir = examples/CaptivePortal
; src_dir = examples/CatchAllHandler
; src_dir = examples/ChunkResponse
; src_dir = examples/ChunkRetryResponse
; src_dir = examples/CORS
; src_dir = examples/EndBegin
; src_dir = examples/Filters
; src_dir = examples/FlashResponse
; src_dir = examples/HeaderManipulation
; src_dir = examples/Json
; src_dir = examples/LargeResponse
; src_dir = examples/Logging
; src_dir = examples/MessagePack
; src_dir = examples/Middleware
; src_dir = examples/Params
; src_dir = examples/PartitionDownloader
src_dir = examples/PerfTests
; src_dir = examples/RateLimit
; src_dir = examples/Redirect
; src_dir = examples/RequestContinuation
; src_dir = examples/RequestContinuationComplete
; src_dir = examples/ResumableDownload
; src_dir = examples/Rewrite
; src_dir = examples/ServerSentEvents
; src_dir = examples/ServerState
; src_dir = examples/SkipServerMiddleware
; src_dir = examples/SlowChunkResponse
; src_dir = examples/StaticFile
; src_dir = examples/Templates
; src_dir = examples/Upload
; src_dir = examples/UploadFlash
; src_dir = examples/URIMatcher
; src_dir = examples/URIMatcherTest
; src_dir = examples/WebSocket
; src_dir = examples/WebSocketEasy
[env]
framework = arduino
platform = https://github.com/pioarduino/platform-espressif32/releases/download/55.03.34/platform-espressif32.zip
board = esp32dev
build_flags =
-Og
-Wall -Wextra
-Wno-unused-parameter
; -D CONFIG_ARDUHAL_LOG_COLORS
-D CORE_DEBUG_LEVEL=ARDUHAL_LOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE
-D CONFIG_ASYNC_TCP_MAX_ACK_TIME=5000
-D CONFIG_ASYNC_TCP_PRIORITY=10
-D CONFIG_ASYNC_TCP_QUEUE_SIZE=64
-D CONFIG_ASYNC_TCP_RUNNING_CORE=1
-D CONFIG_ASYNC_TCP_STACK_SIZE=4096
; -D ASYNCWEBSERVER_REGEX=1
; -D CONFIG_ASYNC_TCP_USE_WDT=0
; -D CONFIG_ARDUHAL_LOG_COLORS
; -D CORE_DEBUG_LEVEL=ARDUHAL_LOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE
; -D USE_ESP_IDF_LOG=1
; -D TAG=\"core\"
; -D LOG_LOCAL_LEVEL=ESP_LOG_VERBOSE
; -D ASYNCWEBSERVER_LOG_DEBUG
upload_protocol = esptool
monitor_speed = 115200
monitor_filters = esp32_exception_decoder, log2file
; monitor_filters = esp8266_exception_decoder, log2file
lib_compat_mode = strict
lib_ldf_mode = chain
lib_deps =
bblanchon/ArduinoJson @ 7.4.2
; bblanchon/ArduinoJson @ 6.21.5
; bblanchon/ArduinoJson @ 5.13.4
ESP32Async/AsyncTCP @ 3.4.9
board_build.partitions = partitions-4MB.csv
board_build.filesystem = littlefs
; PLATFORMS (ESP32, ESP8266, Raspberry, LibreTiny)
[env:arduino-2]
platform = espressif32@6.12.0
[env:arduino-3]
; board = esp32-p4
; board = esp32-h2-devkitm-1
[env:esp8266]
platform = espressif8266
; board = huzzah
board = d1_mini
lib_deps =
bblanchon/ArduinoJson @ 7.4.2
ESP32Async/ESPAsyncTCP @ 2.0.0
[env:raspberrypi]
platform = https://github.com/maxgerhardt/platform-raspberrypi.git#c7502925e3b08af70e9f924d54ab9d00a7e64781
board = rpipicow
board_build.core = earlephilhower
lib_deps =
bblanchon/ArduinoJson @ 7.3.0
ayushsharma82/RPAsyncTCP@^1.3.2
lib_ignore =
lwIP_ESPHost
build_flags = ${env.build_flags}
-Wno-missing-field-initializers
[env:libretiny]
platform = libretiny @ ^1.9.1
board = generic-bk7231n-qfn32-tuya
; board = generic-rtl8710bn-2mb-788k
lib_compat_mode = off
lib_deps =
ESP32Async/AsyncTCP @ 3.4.3
; use FreeRTOS v9.0.0 for RTL8710BN
; (BK7231 already uses it)
custom_versions.freertos = 9.0.0
; SPECIFIC ENVS (for testing various configurations)
[env:arduino-2-esp-idf-log]
platform = espressif32@6.12.0
build_flags =
${env.build_flags}
-D USE_ESP_IDF_LOG=1
-D TAG=\"core\"
[env:arduino-3-esp-idf-log]
build_flags =
${env.build_flags}
-D USE_ESP_IDF_LOG=1
[env:no-json]
lib_deps =
ESP32Async/AsyncTCP @ 3.4.9
[env:latest-asynctcp]
lib_deps =
https://github.com/ESP32Async/AsyncTCP
[env:no-chunk-inflight]
build_flags = ${env.build_flags}
-D ASYNCWEBSERVER_USE_CHUNK_INFLIGHT=0
[env:regex]
build_flags = ${env.build_flags}
-D ASYNCWEBSERVER_REGEX=1
[env:AsyncTCPSock]
lib_deps =
https://github.com/ESP32Async/AsyncTCPSock/archive/refs/tags/v1.0.3-dev.zip
build_flags = ${env.build_flags}
; PLATFORM CI (ESP32, ESP8266, Raspberry, LibreTiny)
[env:ci-arduino-2]
platform = espressif32@6.12.0
board = ${sysenv.PIO_BOARD}
[env:ci-arduino-3]
board = ${sysenv.PIO_BOARD}
[env:ci-esp8266]
platform = espressif8266
board = ${sysenv.PIO_BOARD}
lib_deps =
bblanchon/ArduinoJson @ 7.4.2
ESP32Async/ESPAsyncTCP @ 2.0.0
[env:ci-raspberrypi]
platform = https://github.com/maxgerhardt/platform-raspberrypi.git#c7502925e3b08af70e9f924d54ab9d00a7e64781
board = ${sysenv.PIO_BOARD}
board_build.core = earlephilhower
lib_deps =
bblanchon/ArduinoJson @ 7.3.0
ayushsharma82/RPAsyncTCP@^1.3.2
lib_ignore =
lwIP_ESPHost
build_flags = ${env.build_flags}
-Wno-missing-field-initializers
[env:ci-libretiny]
platform = libretiny @ ^1.9.1
board = ${sysenv.PIO_BOARD}
lib_compat_mode = off
lib_deps =
; add DNS server library for LibreTiny
DNSServer
ESP32Async/AsyncTCP @ 3.4.3
custom_versions.freertos = 9.0.0
; CI FOR SPECIFIC CONFIGURATIONS
[env:ci-arduino-2-esp-idf-log]
platform = espressif32@6.12.0
build_flags =
${env.build_flags}
-D USE_ESP_IDF_LOG=1
-D TAG=\"core\"
[env:ci-arduino-3-esp-idf-log]
build_flags =
${env.build_flags}
-D USE_ESP_IDF_LOG=1
[env:ci-no-json]
lib_deps =
ESP32Async/AsyncTCP @ 3.4.9
[env:ci-latest-asynctcp]
lib_deps =
https://github.com/ESP32Async/AsyncTCP
[env:ci-no-chunk-inflight]
build_flags = ${env.build_flags}
-D ASYNCWEBSERVER_USE_CHUNK_INFLIGHT=1
[env:ci-regex]
build_flags = ${env.build_flags}
-D ASYNCWEBSERVER_REGEX=1

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pre-commit==4.1.0

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// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
#include "AsyncEventSource.h"
#include "AsyncWebServerLogging.h"
#define ASYNC_SSE_NEW_LINE_CHAR (char)0xa
using namespace asyncsrv;
static String generateEventMessage(const char *message, const char *event, uint32_t id, uint32_t reconnect) {
String str;
size_t len{0};
if (message) {
len += strlen(message);
}
if (event) {
len += strlen(event);
}
len += 42; // give it some overhead
if (!str.reserve(len)) {
async_ws_log_e("Failed to allocate");
return emptyString;
}
if (reconnect) {
str += T_retry_;
str += reconnect;
str += ASYNC_SSE_NEW_LINE_CHAR; // '\n'
}
if (id) {
str += T_id__;
str += id;
str += ASYNC_SSE_NEW_LINE_CHAR; // '\n'
}
if (event != NULL) {
str += T_event_;
str += event;
str += ASYNC_SSE_NEW_LINE_CHAR; // '\n'
}
if (!message) {
return str;
}
size_t messageLen = strlen(message);
char *lineStart = (char *)message;
char *lineEnd;
do {
char *nextN = strchr(lineStart, '\n');
char *nextR = strchr(lineStart, '\r');
if (nextN == NULL && nextR == NULL) {
// a message is a single-line string
str += T_data_;
str += message;
str += T_nn;
return str;
}
// a message is a multi-line string
char *nextLine = NULL;
if (nextN != NULL && nextR != NULL) { // windows line-ending \r\n
if (nextR + 1 == nextN) {
// normal \r\n sequence
lineEnd = nextR;
nextLine = nextN + 1;
} else {
// some abnormal \n \r mixed sequence
lineEnd = std::min(nextR, nextN);
nextLine = lineEnd + 1;
}
} else if (nextN != NULL) { // Unix/Mac OS X LF
lineEnd = nextN;
nextLine = nextN + 1;
} else { // some ancient garbage
lineEnd = nextR;
nextLine = nextR + 1;
}
str += T_data_;
str.concat(lineStart, lineEnd - lineStart);
str += ASYNC_SSE_NEW_LINE_CHAR; // \n
lineStart = nextLine;
} while (lineStart < ((char *)message + messageLen));
// append another \n to terminate message
str += ASYNC_SSE_NEW_LINE_CHAR; // '\n'
return str;
}
// Message
size_t AsyncEventSourceMessage::ack(size_t len, __attribute__((unused)) uint32_t time) {
// If the whole message is now acked...
if (_acked + len > _data->length()) {
// Return the number of extra bytes acked (they will be carried on to the next message)
const size_t extra = _acked + len - _data->length();
_acked = _data->length();
return extra;
}
// Return that no extra bytes left.
_acked += len;
return 0;
}
size_t AsyncEventSourceMessage::write(AsyncClient *client) {
if (!client) {
return 0;
}
if (_sent >= _data->length() || !client->canSend()) {
return 0;
}
size_t len = std::min(_data->length() - _sent, client->space());
/*
add() would call lwip's tcp_write() under the AsyncTCP hood with apiflags argument.
By default apiflags=ASYNC_WRITE_FLAG_COPY
we could have used apiflags with this flag unset to pass data by reference and avoid copy to socket buffer,
but looks like it does not work for Arduino's lwip in ESP32/IDF
it is enforced in https://github.com/espressif/esp-lwip/blob/0606eed9d8b98a797514fdf6eabb4daf1c8c8cd9/src/core/tcp_out.c#L422C5-L422C30
if LWIP_NETIF_TX_SINGLE_PBUF is set, and it is set indeed in IDF
https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/blob/a0f798cfc4bbd624aab52b2c194d219e242d80c1/components/lwip/port/include/lwipopts.h#L744
So let's just keep it enforced ASYNC_WRITE_FLAG_COPY and keep in mind that there is no zero-copy
*/
size_t written = client->add(_data->c_str() + _sent, len, ASYNC_WRITE_FLAG_COPY); // ASYNC_WRITE_FLAG_MORE
_sent += written;
return written;
}
size_t AsyncEventSourceMessage::send(AsyncClient *client) {
size_t sent = write(client);
return sent && client->send() ? sent : 0;
}
// Client
AsyncEventSourceClient::AsyncEventSourceClient(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, AsyncEventSource *server) : _client(request->clientRelease()), _server(server) {
if (request->hasHeader(T_Last_Event_ID)) {
_lastId = atoi(request->getHeader(T_Last_Event_ID)->value().c_str());
}
_client->setRxTimeout(0);
_client->onError(NULL, NULL);
_client->onAck(
[](void *r, AsyncClient *c, size_t len, uint32_t time) {
(void)c;
static_cast<AsyncEventSourceClient *>(r)->_onAck(len, time);
},
this
);
_client->onPoll(
[](void *r, AsyncClient *c) {
(void)c;
static_cast<AsyncEventSourceClient *>(r)->_onPoll();
},
this
);
_client->onData(NULL, NULL);
_client->onTimeout(
[this](void *r, AsyncClient *c __attribute__((unused)), uint32_t time) {
static_cast<AsyncEventSourceClient *>(r)->_onTimeout(time);
},
this
);
_client->onDisconnect(
[this](void *r, AsyncClient *c) {
static_cast<AsyncEventSourceClient *>(r)->_onDisconnect();
delete c;
},
this
);
_server->_addClient(this);
_client->setNoDelay(true);
// delete AsyncWebServerRequest object (and bound response) since we have the ownership on client connection now
delete request;
}
AsyncEventSourceClient::~AsyncEventSourceClient() {
#ifdef ESP32
std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(_lockmq);
#endif
_messageQueue.clear();
close();
}
bool AsyncEventSourceClient::_queueMessage(const char *message, size_t len) {
if (_messageQueue.size() >= SSE_MAX_QUEUED_MESSAGES) {
async_ws_log_e("Event message queue overflow: discard message");
return false;
}
#ifdef ESP32
// length() is not thread-safe, thus acquiring the lock before this call..
std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(_lockmq);
#endif
_messageQueue.emplace_back(message, len);
/*
throttle queue run
if Q is filled for >25% then network/CPU is congested, since there is no zero-copy mode for socket buff
forcing Q run will only eat more heap ram and blow the buffer, let's just keep data in our own queue
the queue will be processed at least on each onAck()/onPoll() call from AsyncTCP
*/
if (_messageQueue.size() < SSE_MAX_QUEUED_MESSAGES >> 2 && _client->canSend()) {
_runQueue();
}
return true;
}
bool AsyncEventSourceClient::_queueMessage(AsyncEvent_SharedData_t &&msg) {
if (_messageQueue.size() >= SSE_MAX_QUEUED_MESSAGES) {
async_ws_log_e("Event message queue overflow: discard message");
return false;
}
#ifdef ESP32
// length() is not thread-safe, thus acquiring the lock before this call..
std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(_lockmq);
#endif
_messageQueue.emplace_back(std::move(msg));
/*
throttle queue run
if Q is filled for >25% then network/CPU is congested, since there is no zero-copy mode for socket buff
forcing Q run will only eat more heap ram and blow the buffer, let's just keep data in our own queue
the queue will be processed at least on each onAck()/onPoll() call from AsyncTCP
*/
if (_messageQueue.size() < SSE_MAX_QUEUED_MESSAGES >> 2 && _client->canSend()) {
_runQueue();
}
return true;
}
void AsyncEventSourceClient::_onAck(size_t len __attribute__((unused)), uint32_t time __attribute__((unused))) {
#ifdef ESP32
// Same here, acquiring the lock early
std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(_lockmq);
#endif
// adjust in-flight len
if (len < _inflight) {
_inflight -= len;
} else {
_inflight = 0;
}
// acknowledge as much messages's data as we got confirmed len from a AsyncTCP
while (len && _messageQueue.size()) {
len = _messageQueue.front().ack(len);
if (_messageQueue.front().finished()) {
// now we could release full ack'ed messages, we were keeping it unless send confirmed from AsyncTCP
_messageQueue.pop_front();
}
}
// try to send another batch of data
if (_messageQueue.size()) {
_runQueue();
}
}
void AsyncEventSourceClient::_onPoll() {
if (_messageQueue.size()) {
#ifdef ESP32
// Same here, acquiring the lock early
std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(_lockmq);
#endif
_runQueue();
}
}
void AsyncEventSourceClient::_onTimeout(uint32_t time __attribute__((unused))) {
if (_client) {
_client->close();
}
}
void AsyncEventSourceClient::_onDisconnect() {
if (!_client) {
return;
}
_client = nullptr;
_server->_handleDisconnect(this);
}
void AsyncEventSourceClient::close() {
if (_client) {
_client->close();
}
}
bool AsyncEventSourceClient::send(const char *message, const char *event, uint32_t id, uint32_t reconnect) {
if (!connected()) {
return false;
}
return _queueMessage(std::make_shared<String>(generateEventMessage(message, event, id, reconnect)));
}
void AsyncEventSourceClient::_runQueue() {
if (!_client) {
return;
}
// there is no need to lock the mutex here, 'cause all the calls to this method must be already lock'ed
size_t total_bytes_written = 0;
for (auto i = _messageQueue.begin(); i != _messageQueue.end(); ++i) {
if (!i->sent()) {
const size_t bytes_written = i->write(_client);
total_bytes_written += bytes_written;
_inflight += bytes_written;
if (bytes_written == 0 || _inflight > _max_inflight) {
// Serial.print("_");
break;
}
}
}
// flush socket
if (total_bytes_written) {
_client->send();
}
}
void AsyncEventSourceClient::set_max_inflight_bytes(size_t value) {
if (value >= SSE_MIN_INFLIGH && value <= SSE_MAX_INFLIGH) {
_max_inflight = value;
}
}
/* AsyncEventSource */
void AsyncEventSource::authorizeConnect(ArAuthorizeConnectHandler cb) {
AsyncAuthorizationMiddleware *m = new AsyncAuthorizationMiddleware(401, cb);
m->_freeOnRemoval = true;
addMiddleware(m);
}
void AsyncEventSource::_addClient(AsyncEventSourceClient *client) {
if (!client) {
return;
}
#ifdef ESP32
std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(_client_queue_lock);
#endif
_clients.emplace_back(client);
if (_connectcb) {
_connectcb(client);
}
_adjust_inflight_window();
}
void AsyncEventSource::_handleDisconnect(AsyncEventSourceClient *client) {
if (_disconnectcb) {
_disconnectcb(client);
}
#ifdef ESP32
std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(_client_queue_lock);
#endif
for (auto i = _clients.begin(); i != _clients.end(); ++i) {
if (i->get() == client) {
_clients.erase(i);
break;
}
}
_adjust_inflight_window();
}
void AsyncEventSource::close() {
// While the whole loop is not done, the linked list is locked and so the
// iterator should remain valid even when AsyncEventSource::_handleDisconnect()
// is called very early
#ifdef ESP32
std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(_client_queue_lock);
#endif
for (const auto &c : _clients) {
if (c->connected()) {
/**
* @brief: Fix self-deadlock by using recursive_mutex instead.
* Due to c->close() shall call the callback function _onDisconnect()
* The calling flow _onDisconnect() --> _handleDisconnect() --> deadlock
*/
c->close();
}
}
}
// pmb fix
size_t AsyncEventSource::avgPacketsWaiting() const {
size_t aql = 0;
uint32_t nConnectedClients = 0;
#ifdef ESP32
std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(_client_queue_lock);
#endif
if (!_clients.size()) {
return 0;
}
for (const auto &c : _clients) {
if (c->connected()) {
aql += c->packetsWaiting();
++nConnectedClients;
}
}
return ((aql) + (nConnectedClients / 2)) / (nConnectedClients); // round up
}
AsyncEventSource::SendStatus AsyncEventSource::send(const char *message, const char *event, uint32_t id, uint32_t reconnect) {
AsyncEvent_SharedData_t shared_msg = std::make_shared<String>(generateEventMessage(message, event, id, reconnect));
#ifdef ESP32
std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(_client_queue_lock);
#endif
size_t hits = 0;
size_t miss = 0;
for (const auto &c : _clients) {
if (c->write(shared_msg)) {
++hits;
} else {
++miss;
}
}
return hits == 0 ? DISCARDED : (miss == 0 ? ENQUEUED : PARTIALLY_ENQUEUED);
}
size_t AsyncEventSource::count() const {
#ifdef ESP32
std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(_client_queue_lock);
#endif
size_t n_clients{0};
for (const auto &i : _clients) {
if (i->connected()) {
++n_clients;
}
}
return n_clients;
}
bool AsyncEventSource::canHandle(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) const {
return request->isSSE() && request->url().equals(_url);
}
void AsyncEventSource::handleRequest(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
request->send(new AsyncEventSourceResponse(this));
}
void AsyncEventSource::_adjust_inflight_window() {
if (_clients.size()) {
size_t inflight = SSE_MAX_INFLIGH / _clients.size();
for (const auto &c : _clients) {
c->set_max_inflight_bytes(inflight);
}
// Serial.printf("adjusted inflight to: %u\n", inflight);
}
}
/* Response */
AsyncEventSourceResponse::AsyncEventSourceResponse(AsyncEventSource *server) : _server(server) {
_code = 200;
_contentType = T_text_event_stream;
_sendContentLength = false;
addHeader(T_Cache_Control, T_no_cache);
addHeader(T_Connection, T_keep_alive);
}
void AsyncEventSourceResponse::_respond(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
String out;
_assembleHead(out, request->version());
// unbind client's onAck callback from AsyncWebServerRequest's, we will destroy it on next callback and steal the client,
// can't do it now 'cause now we are in AsyncWebServerRequest::_onAck 's stack actually
// here we are loosing time on one RTT delay, but with current design we can't get rid of Req/Resp objects other way
_request = request;
request->client()->onAck(
[](void *r, AsyncClient *c, size_t len, uint32_t time) {
if (len) {
static_cast<AsyncEventSourceResponse *>(r)->_switchClient();
}
},
this
);
request->client()->write(out.c_str(), _headLength);
_state = RESPONSE_WAIT_ACK;
}
void AsyncEventSourceResponse::_switchClient() {
// AsyncEventSourceClient c-tor will take the ownership of AsyncTCP's client connection
new AsyncEventSourceClient(_request, _server);
// AsyncEventSourceClient c-tor would also delete _request and *this
};

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// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
#ifndef ASYNCEVENTSOURCE_H_
#define ASYNCEVENTSOURCE_H_
#include <Arduino.h>
#if defined(ESP32) || defined(LIBRETINY)
#include <AsyncTCP.h>
#ifdef LIBRETINY
#ifdef round
#undef round
#endif
#endif
#include <mutex>
#ifndef SSE_MAX_QUEUED_MESSAGES
#define SSE_MAX_QUEUED_MESSAGES 32
#endif
#define SSE_MIN_INFLIGH 2 * 1460 // allow 2 MSS packets
#define SSE_MAX_INFLIGH 16 * 1024 // but no more than 16k, no need to blow it, since same data is kept in local Q
#elif defined(ESP8266)
#include <ESPAsyncTCP.h>
#ifndef SSE_MAX_QUEUED_MESSAGES
#define SSE_MAX_QUEUED_MESSAGES 8
#endif
#define SSE_MIN_INFLIGH 2 * 1460 // allow 2 MSS packets
#define SSE_MAX_INFLIGH 8 * 1024 // but no more than 8k, no need to blow it, since same data is kept in local Q
#elif defined(TARGET_RP2040) || defined(TARGET_RP2350) || defined(PICO_RP2040) || defined(PICO_RP2350)
#include <RPAsyncTCP.h>
#ifndef SSE_MAX_QUEUED_MESSAGES
#define SSE_MAX_QUEUED_MESSAGES 32
#endif
#define SSE_MIN_INFLIGH 2 * 1460 // allow 2 MSS packets
#define SSE_MAX_INFLIGH 16 * 1024 // but no more than 16k, no need to blow it, since same data is kept in local Q
#endif
#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
#ifdef ESP8266
#include <Hash.h>
#ifdef CRYPTO_HASH_h // include Hash.h from espressif framework if the first include was from the crypto library
#include <../src/Hash.h>
#endif
#endif
class AsyncEventSource;
class AsyncEventSourceResponse;
class AsyncEventSourceClient;
using ArEventHandlerFunction = std::function<void(AsyncEventSourceClient *client)>;
using ArAuthorizeConnectHandler = ArAuthorizeFunction;
// shared message object container
using AsyncEvent_SharedData_t = std::shared_ptr<String>;
/**
* @brief Async Event Message container with shared message content data
*
*/
class AsyncEventSourceMessage {
private:
const AsyncEvent_SharedData_t _data;
size_t _sent{0}; // num of bytes already sent
size_t _acked{0}; // num of bytes acked
public:
AsyncEventSourceMessage(AsyncEvent_SharedData_t data) : _data(data){};
#if defined(ESP32)
AsyncEventSourceMessage(const char *data, size_t len) : _data(std::make_shared<String>(data, len)){};
#elif defined(TARGET_RP2040) || defined(TARGET_RP2350) || defined(PICO_RP2040) || defined(PICO_RP2350)
AsyncEventSourceMessage(const char *data, size_t len) : _data(std::make_shared<String>()) {
if (data && len > 0) {
_data->concat(data, len);
}
};
#else
// esp8266's String does not have constructor with data/length arguments. Use a concat method here
AsyncEventSourceMessage(const char *data, size_t len) {
_data->concat(data, len);
};
#endif
/**
* @brief acknowledge sending len bytes of data
* @note if num of bytes to ack is larger then the unacknowledged message length the number of carried over bytes are returned
*
* @param len bytes to acknowledge
* @param time
* @return size_t number of extra bytes carried over
*/
size_t ack(size_t len, uint32_t time = 0);
/**
* @brief write message data to client's buffer
* @note this method does NOT call client's send
*
* @param client
* @return size_t number of bytes written
*/
size_t write(AsyncClient *client);
/**
* @brief writes message data to client's buffer and calls client's send method
*
* @param client
* @return size_t returns num of bytes the clien was able to send()
*/
size_t send(AsyncClient *client);
// returns true if full message's length were acked
bool finished() {
return _acked == _data->length();
}
/**
* @brief returns true if all data has been sent already
*
*/
bool sent() {
return _sent == _data->length();
}
};
/**
* @brief class holds a sse messages queue for a particular client's connection
*
*/
class AsyncEventSourceClient {
private:
AsyncClient *_client;
AsyncEventSource *_server;
uint32_t _lastId{0};
size_t _inflight{0}; // num of unacknowledged bytes that has been written to socket buffer
size_t _max_inflight{SSE_MAX_INFLIGH}; // max num of unacknowledged bytes that could be written to socket buffer
std::list<AsyncEventSourceMessage> _messageQueue;
#ifdef ESP32
mutable std::recursive_mutex _lockmq;
#endif
bool _queueMessage(const char *message, size_t len);
bool _queueMessage(AsyncEvent_SharedData_t &&msg);
void _runQueue();
public:
/**
* @brief Construct a new Async Event Source Client object
* @note constructor would take the ownership of of AsyncTCP's client pointer from `request` parameter and call delete on it!
*
* @param request
* @param server
*/
AsyncEventSourceClient(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, AsyncEventSource *server);
~AsyncEventSourceClient();
/**
* @brief Send an SSE message to client
* it will craft an SSE message and place it to client's message queue
*
* @param message body string, could be single or multi-line string sepprated by \n, \r, \r\n
* @param event body string, a sinle line string
* @param id sequence id
* @param reconnect client's reconnect timeout
* @return true if message was placed in a queue
* @return false if queue is full
*/
bool send(const char *message, const char *event = NULL, uint32_t id = 0, uint32_t reconnect = 0);
bool send(const String &message, const String &event, uint32_t id = 0, uint32_t reconnect = 0) {
return send(message.c_str(), event.c_str(), id, reconnect);
}
bool send(const String &message, const char *event, uint32_t id = 0, uint32_t reconnect = 0) {
return send(message.c_str(), event, id, reconnect);
}
/**
* @brief place supplied preformatted SSE message to the message queue
* @note message must a properly formatted SSE string according to https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Server-sent_events/Using_server-sent_events
*
* @param message data
* @return true on success
* @return false on queue overflow or no client connected
*/
bool write(AsyncEvent_SharedData_t message) {
return connected() && _queueMessage(std::move(message));
};
[[deprecated("Use _write(AsyncEvent_SharedData_t message) instead to share same data with multiple SSE clients")]]
bool write(const char *message, size_t len) {
return connected() && _queueMessage(message, len);
};
// close client's connection
void close();
// getters
AsyncClient *client() {
return _client;
}
bool connected() const {
return _client && _client->connected();
}
uint32_t lastId() const {
return _lastId;
}
size_t packetsWaiting() const {
return _messageQueue.size();
};
/**
* @brief Sets max amount of bytes that could be written to client's socket while awaiting delivery acknowledge
* used to throttle message delivery length to tradeoff memory consumption
* @note actual amount of data written could possible be a bit larger but no more than available socket buff space
*
* @param value
*/
void set_max_inflight_bytes(size_t value);
/**
* @brief Get current max inflight bytes value
*
* @return size_t
*/
size_t get_max_inflight_bytes() const {
return _max_inflight;
}
// system callbacks (do not call if from user code!)
void _onAck(size_t len, uint32_t time);
void _onPoll();
void _onTimeout(uint32_t time);
void _onDisconnect();
};
/**
* @brief a class that maintains all connected HTTP clients subscribed to SSE delivery
* dispatches supplied messages to the client's queues
*
*/
class AsyncEventSource : public AsyncWebHandler {
private:
String _url;
std::list<std::unique_ptr<AsyncEventSourceClient>> _clients;
#ifdef ESP32
// Same as for individual messages, protect mutations of _clients list
// since simultaneous access from different tasks is possible
mutable std::recursive_mutex _client_queue_lock;
#endif
ArEventHandlerFunction _connectcb = nullptr;
ArEventHandlerFunction _disconnectcb = nullptr;
// this method manipulates in-fligh data size for connected client depending on number of active connections
void _adjust_inflight_window();
public:
typedef enum {
DISCARDED = 0,
ENQUEUED = 1,
PARTIALLY_ENQUEUED = 2,
} SendStatus;
AsyncEventSource(const char *url) : _url(url){};
AsyncEventSource(const String &url) : _url(url){};
~AsyncEventSource() {
close();
};
const char *url() const {
return _url.c_str();
}
// close all connected clients
void close();
/**
* @brief set on-connect callback for the client
* used to deliver messages to client on first connect
*
* @param cb
*/
void onConnect(ArEventHandlerFunction cb) {
_connectcb = cb;
}
/**
* @brief Send an SSE message to client
* it will craft an SSE message and place it to all connected client's message queues
*
* @param message body string, could be single or multi-line string sepprated by \n, \r, \r\n
* @param event body string, a sinle line string
* @param id sequence id
* @param reconnect client's reconnect timeout
* @return SendStatus if message was placed in any/all/part of the client's queues
*/
SendStatus send(const char *message, const char *event = NULL, uint32_t id = 0, uint32_t reconnect = 0);
SendStatus send(const String &message, const String &event, uint32_t id = 0, uint32_t reconnect = 0) {
return send(message.c_str(), event.c_str(), id, reconnect);
}
SendStatus send(const String &message, const char *event, uint32_t id = 0, uint32_t reconnect = 0) {
return send(message.c_str(), event, id, reconnect);
}
// The client pointer sent to the callback is only for reference purposes. DO NOT CALL ANY METHOD ON IT !
void onDisconnect(ArEventHandlerFunction cb) {
_disconnectcb = cb;
}
void authorizeConnect(ArAuthorizeConnectHandler cb);
// returns number of connected clients
size_t count() const;
// returns average number of messages pending in all client's queues
size_t avgPacketsWaiting() const;
// system callbacks (do not call from user code!)
void _addClient(AsyncEventSourceClient *client);
void _handleDisconnect(AsyncEventSourceClient *client);
bool canHandle(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) const override final;
void handleRequest(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) override final;
};
class AsyncEventSourceResponse : public AsyncWebServerResponse {
private:
AsyncEventSource *_server;
AsyncWebServerRequest *_request;
// this call back will switch AsyncTCP client to SSE
void _switchClient();
public:
AsyncEventSourceResponse(AsyncEventSource *server);
void _respond(AsyncWebServerRequest *request);
size_t _ack(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, size_t len, uint32_t time) override {
return 0;
};
bool _sourceValid() const {
return true;
}
};
#endif /* ASYNCEVENTSOURCE_H_ */

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// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
#include "AsyncJson.h"
#include "AsyncWebServerLogging.h"
#if ASYNC_JSON_SUPPORT == 1
// Json content type response classes
#if ARDUINOJSON_VERSION_MAJOR == 5
AsyncJsonResponse::AsyncJsonResponse(bool isArray) : _isValid{false} {
_code = 200;
_contentType = asyncsrv::T_application_json;
if (isArray) {
_root = _jsonBuffer.createArray();
} else {
_root = _jsonBuffer.createObject();
}
}
#elif ARDUINOJSON_VERSION_MAJOR == 6
AsyncJsonResponse::AsyncJsonResponse(bool isArray, size_t maxJsonBufferSize) : _jsonBuffer(maxJsonBufferSize), _isValid{false} {
_code = 200;
_contentType = asyncsrv::T_application_json;
if (isArray) {
_root = _jsonBuffer.createNestedArray();
} else {
_root = _jsonBuffer.createNestedObject();
}
}
#else
AsyncJsonResponse::AsyncJsonResponse(bool isArray) : _isValid{false} {
_code = 200;
_contentType = asyncsrv::T_application_json;
if (isArray) {
_root = _jsonBuffer.add<JsonArray>();
} else {
_root = _jsonBuffer.add<JsonObject>();
}
}
#endif
size_t AsyncJsonResponse::setLength() {
#if ARDUINOJSON_VERSION_MAJOR == 5
_contentLength = _root.measureLength();
#else
_contentLength = measureJson(_root);
#endif
if (_contentLength) {
_isValid = true;
}
return _contentLength;
}
size_t AsyncJsonResponse::_fillBuffer(uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
ChunkPrint dest(data, _sentLength, len);
#if ARDUINOJSON_VERSION_MAJOR == 5
_root.printTo(dest);
#else
serializeJson(_root, dest);
#endif
return len;
}
#if ARDUINOJSON_VERSION_MAJOR == 6
PrettyAsyncJsonResponse::PrettyAsyncJsonResponse(bool isArray, size_t maxJsonBufferSize) : AsyncJsonResponse{isArray, maxJsonBufferSize} {}
#else
PrettyAsyncJsonResponse::PrettyAsyncJsonResponse(bool isArray) : AsyncJsonResponse{isArray} {}
#endif
size_t PrettyAsyncJsonResponse::setLength() {
#if ARDUINOJSON_VERSION_MAJOR == 5
_contentLength = _root.measurePrettyLength();
#else
_contentLength = measureJsonPretty(_root);
#endif
if (_contentLength) {
_isValid = true;
}
return _contentLength;
}
size_t PrettyAsyncJsonResponse::_fillBuffer(uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
ChunkPrint dest(data, _sentLength, len);
#if ARDUINOJSON_VERSION_MAJOR == 5
_root.prettyPrintTo(dest);
#else
serializeJsonPretty(_root, dest);
#endif
return len;
}
// MessagePack content type response
#if ASYNC_MSG_PACK_SUPPORT == 1
size_t AsyncMessagePackResponse::setLength() {
_contentLength = measureMsgPack(_root);
if (_contentLength) {
_isValid = true;
}
return _contentLength;
}
size_t AsyncMessagePackResponse::_fillBuffer(uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
ChunkPrint dest(data, _sentLength, len);
serializeMsgPack(_root, dest);
return len;
}
#endif
// Body handler supporting both content types: JSON and MessagePack
#if ARDUINOJSON_VERSION_MAJOR == 6
AsyncCallbackJsonWebHandler::AsyncCallbackJsonWebHandler(AsyncURIMatcher uri, ArJsonRequestHandlerFunction onRequest, size_t maxJsonBufferSize)
: _uri(std::move(uri)), _method(HTTP_GET | HTTP_POST | HTTP_PUT | HTTP_PATCH), _onRequest(onRequest), maxJsonBufferSize(maxJsonBufferSize),
_maxContentLength(16384) {}
#else
AsyncCallbackJsonWebHandler::AsyncCallbackJsonWebHandler(AsyncURIMatcher uri, ArJsonRequestHandlerFunction onRequest)
: _uri(std::move(uri)), _method(HTTP_GET | HTTP_POST | HTTP_PUT | HTTP_PATCH), _onRequest(onRequest), _maxContentLength(16384) {}
#endif
bool AsyncCallbackJsonWebHandler::canHandle(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) const {
if (!_onRequest || !request->isHTTP() || !(_method & request->method())) {
return false;
}
if (!_uri.matches(request)) {
return false;
}
#if ASYNC_MSG_PACK_SUPPORT == 1
return request->method() == HTTP_GET || request->contentType().equalsIgnoreCase(asyncsrv::T_application_json)
|| request->contentType().equalsIgnoreCase(asyncsrv::T_application_msgpack);
#else
return request->method() == HTTP_GET || request->contentType().equalsIgnoreCase(asyncsrv::T_application_json);
#endif
}
void AsyncCallbackJsonWebHandler::handleRequest(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
if (_onRequest) {
// GET request:
if (request->method() == HTTP_GET) {
JsonVariant json;
_onRequest(request, json);
return;
}
// POST / PUT / ... requests:
// check if JSON body is too large, if it is, don't deserialize
if (request->contentLength() > _maxContentLength) {
async_ws_log_e("Content length exceeds maximum allowed");
request->send(413);
return;
}
if (request->_tempObject == NULL) {
// there is no body
request->send(400);
return;
}
#if ARDUINOJSON_VERSION_MAJOR == 5
DynamicJsonBuffer doc;
#elif ARDUINOJSON_VERSION_MAJOR == 6
DynamicJsonDocument doc(this->maxJsonBufferSize);
#else
JsonDocument doc;
#endif
#if ARDUINOJSON_VERSION_MAJOR == 5
JsonVariant json = doc.parse((const char *)request->_tempObject);
if (json.success()) {
_onRequest(request, json);
return;
}
#else
DeserializationError error = request->contentType().equalsIgnoreCase(asyncsrv::T_application_msgpack)
? deserializeMsgPack(doc, (uint8_t *)(request->_tempObject))
: deserializeJson(doc, (const char *)request->_tempObject);
if (!error) {
JsonVariant json = doc.as<JsonVariant>();
_onRequest(request, json);
return;
}
#endif
// error parsing the body
request->send(400);
}
}
void AsyncCallbackJsonWebHandler::handleBody(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, uint8_t *data, size_t len, size_t index, size_t total) {
if (_onRequest) {
// ignore callback if size is larger than maxContentLength
if (total > _maxContentLength) {
return;
}
if (index == 0) {
// this check allows request->_tempObject to be initialized from a middleware
if (request->_tempObject == NULL) {
request->_tempObject = calloc(total + 1, sizeof(uint8_t)); // null-terminated string
if (request->_tempObject == NULL) {
async_ws_log_e("Failed to allocate");
request->abort();
return;
}
}
}
if (request->_tempObject != NULL) {
uint8_t *buffer = (uint8_t *)request->_tempObject;
memcpy(buffer + index, data, len);
}
}
}
#endif // ASYNC_JSON_SUPPORT

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// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
#pragma once
#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
#include "ChunkPrint.h"
#if ASYNC_JSON_SUPPORT == 1
#if ARDUINOJSON_VERSION_MAJOR == 6
#ifndef DYNAMIC_JSON_DOCUMENT_SIZE
#define DYNAMIC_JSON_DOCUMENT_SIZE 1024
#endif
#endif
// Json content type response classes
class AsyncJsonResponse : public AsyncAbstractResponse {
protected:
#if ARDUINOJSON_VERSION_MAJOR == 5
DynamicJsonBuffer _jsonBuffer;
#elif ARDUINOJSON_VERSION_MAJOR == 6
DynamicJsonDocument _jsonBuffer;
#else
JsonDocument _jsonBuffer;
#endif
JsonVariant _root;
bool _isValid;
public:
#if ARDUINOJSON_VERSION_MAJOR == 6
AsyncJsonResponse(bool isArray = false, size_t maxJsonBufferSize = DYNAMIC_JSON_DOCUMENT_SIZE);
#else
AsyncJsonResponse(bool isArray = false);
#endif
JsonVariant &getRoot() {
return _root;
}
bool _sourceValid() const {
return _isValid;
}
virtual size_t setLength();
size_t getSize() const {
return _jsonBuffer.size();
}
virtual size_t _fillBuffer(uint8_t *data, size_t len);
#if ARDUINOJSON_VERSION_MAJOR >= 6
bool overflowed() const {
return _jsonBuffer.overflowed();
}
#endif
};
class PrettyAsyncJsonResponse : public AsyncJsonResponse {
public:
#if ARDUINOJSON_VERSION_MAJOR == 6
PrettyAsyncJsonResponse(bool isArray = false, size_t maxJsonBufferSize = DYNAMIC_JSON_DOCUMENT_SIZE);
#else
PrettyAsyncJsonResponse(bool isArray = false);
#endif
size_t setLength() override;
size_t _fillBuffer(uint8_t *data, size_t len) override;
};
// MessagePack content type response
#if ASYNC_MSG_PACK_SUPPORT == 1
class AsyncMessagePackResponse : public AsyncJsonResponse {
public:
#if ARDUINOJSON_VERSION_MAJOR == 6
AsyncMessagePackResponse(bool isArray = false, size_t maxJsonBufferSize = DYNAMIC_JSON_DOCUMENT_SIZE) : AsyncJsonResponse(isArray, maxJsonBufferSize) {
_contentType = asyncsrv::T_application_msgpack;
}
#else
AsyncMessagePackResponse(bool isArray = false) : AsyncJsonResponse(isArray) {
_contentType = asyncsrv::T_application_msgpack;
}
#endif
size_t setLength() override;
size_t _fillBuffer(uint8_t *data, size_t len) override;
};
#endif
// Body handler supporting both content types: JSON and MessagePack
class AsyncCallbackJsonWebHandler : public AsyncWebHandler {
protected:
AsyncURIMatcher _uri;
WebRequestMethodComposite _method;
ArJsonRequestHandlerFunction _onRequest;
#if ARDUINOJSON_VERSION_MAJOR == 6
size_t maxJsonBufferSize;
#endif
size_t _maxContentLength;
public:
#if ARDUINOJSON_VERSION_MAJOR == 6
AsyncCallbackJsonWebHandler(AsyncURIMatcher uri, ArJsonRequestHandlerFunction onRequest = nullptr, size_t maxJsonBufferSize = DYNAMIC_JSON_DOCUMENT_SIZE);
#else
AsyncCallbackJsonWebHandler(AsyncURIMatcher uri, ArJsonRequestHandlerFunction onRequest = nullptr);
#endif
void setMethod(WebRequestMethodComposite method) {
_method = method;
}
void setMaxContentLength(int maxContentLength) {
_maxContentLength = maxContentLength;
}
void onRequest(ArJsonRequestHandlerFunction fn) {
_onRequest = fn;
}
bool canHandle(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) const override final;
void handleRequest(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) override final;
void handleUpload(
__unused AsyncWebServerRequest *request, __unused const String &filename, __unused size_t index, __unused uint8_t *data, __unused size_t len,
__unused bool final
) override final {}
void handleBody(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, uint8_t *data, size_t len, size_t index, size_t total) override final;
bool isRequestHandlerTrivial() const override final {
return !_onRequest;
}
};
#endif // ASYNC_JSON_SUPPORT == 1

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// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
#pragma once
#warning "AsyncMessagePack.h is deprecated, just include ESPAsyncWebServer.h from now on"
#include "AsyncJson.h"

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// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
const AsyncWebHeader AsyncWebHeader::parse(const char *data) {
// https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Reference/Headers
// In HTTP/1.X, a header is a case-insensitive name followed by a colon, then optional whitespace which will be ignored, and finally by its value
if (!data) {
return AsyncWebHeader(); // nullptr
}
if (data[0] == '\0') {
return AsyncWebHeader(); // empty string
}
if (strchr(data, '\n') || strchr(data, '\r')) {
return AsyncWebHeader(); // Invalid header format
}
const char *colon = strchr(data, ':');
if (!colon) {
return AsyncWebHeader(); // separator not found
}
if (colon == data) {
return AsyncWebHeader(); // Header name cannot be empty
}
const char *startOfValue = colon + 1; // Skip the colon
// skip one optional whitespace after the colon
if (*startOfValue == ' ') {
startOfValue++;
}
String name;
name.reserve(colon - data);
name.concat(data, colon - data);
return AsyncWebHeader(name, String(startOfValue));
}

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// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
#pragma once
#ifdef ASYNCWEBSERVER_LOG_CUSTOM
// The user must provide the following macros in AsyncWebServerLoggingCustom.h:
// async_ws_log_e, async_ws_log_w, async_ws_log_i, async_ws_log_d, async_ws_log_v
#include <AsyncWebServerLoggingCustom.h>
#elif defined(ASYNCWEBSERVER_LOG_DEBUG)
// Local Debug logging
#include <HardwareSerial.h>
#define async_ws_log_e(format, ...) Serial.printf("E async_ws %s() %d: " format, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, ##__VA_ARGS__);
#define async_ws_log_w(format, ...) Serial.printf("W async_ws %s() %d: " format, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, ##__VA_ARGS__);
#define async_ws_log_i(format, ...) Serial.printf("I async_ws %s() %d: " format, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, ##__VA_ARGS__);
#define async_ws_log_d(format, ...) Serial.printf("D async_ws %s() %d: " format, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, ##__VA_ARGS__);
#define async_ws_log_v(format, ...) Serial.printf("V async_ws %s() %d: " format, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, ##__VA_ARGS__);
#else
// Framework-based logging
/**
* LibreTiny specific configurations
*/
#if defined(LIBRETINY)
#include <Arduino.h>
#define async_ws_log_e(format, ...) log_e(format, ##__VA_ARGS__)
#define async_ws_log_w(format, ...) log_w(format, ##__VA_ARGS__)
#define async_ws_log_i(format, ...) log_i(format, ##__VA_ARGS__)
#define async_ws_log_d(format, ...) log_d(format, ##__VA_ARGS__)
#define async_ws_log_v(format, ...) log_v(format, ##__VA_ARGS__)
/**
* Raspberry Pi Pico specific configurations
*/
#elif defined(TARGET_RP2040) || defined(TARGET_RP2350) || defined(PICO_RP2040) || defined(PICO_RP2350)
#include <HardwareSerial.h>
// define log levels
#define ASYNC_WS_LOG_NONE 0 /*!< No log output */
#define ASYNC_WS_LOG_ERROR 1 /*!< Critical errors, software module can not recover on its own */
#define ASYNC_WS_LOG_WARN 2 /*!< Error conditions from which recovery measures have been taken */
#define ASYNC_WS_LOG_INFO 3 /*!< Information messages which describe normal flow of events */
#define ASYNC_WS_LOG_DEBUG 4 /*!< Extra information which is not necessary for normal use (values, pointers, sizes, etc). */
#define ASYNC_WS_LOG_VERBOSE 5 /*!< Verbose information for debugging purposes */
#define ASYNC_WS_LOG_MAX 6 /*!< Number of levels supported */
// set default log level
#ifndef ASYNCWEBSERVER_LOG_LEVEL
#define ASYNCWEBSERVER_LOG_LEVEL ASYNC_WS_LOG_INFO
#endif
// error
#if ASYNCWEBSERVER_LOG_LEVEL >= ASYNC_WS_LOG_ERROR
#define async_ws_log_e(format, ...) Serial.printf("E async_ws %s() %d: " format, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, ##__VA_ARGS__);
#else
#define async_ws_log_e(format, ...)
#endif
// warn
#if ASYNCWEBSERVER_LOG_LEVEL >= ASYNC_WS_LOG_WARN
#define async_ws_log_w(format, ...) Serial.printf("W async_ws %s() %d: " format, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, ##__VA_ARGS__);
#else
#define async_ws_log_w(format, ...)
#endif
// info
#if ASYNCWEBSERVER_LOG_LEVEL >= ASYNC_WS_LOG_INFO
#define async_ws_log_i(format, ...) Serial.printf("I async_ws %s() %d: " format, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, ##__VA_ARGS__);
#else
#define async_ws_log_i(format, ...)
#endif
// debug
#if ASYNCWEBSERVER_LOG_LEVEL >= ASYNC_WS_LOG_DEBUG
#define async_ws_log_d(format, ...) Serial.printf("D async_ws %s() %d: " format, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, ##__VA_ARGS__);
#else
#define async_ws_log_d(format, ...)
#endif
// verbose
#if ASYNCWEBSERVER_LOG_LEVEL >= ASYNC_WS_LOG_VERBOSE
#define async_ws_log_v(format, ...) Serial.printf("V async_ws %s() %d: " format, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, ##__VA_ARGS__);
#else
#define async_ws_log_v(format, ...)
#endif
/**
* ESP8266 specific configurations
*/
#elif defined(ESP8266)
#include <ets_sys.h>
// define log levels
#define ASYNC_WS_LOG_NONE 0 /*!< No log output */
#define ASYNC_WS_LOG_ERROR 1 /*!< Critical errors, software module can not recover on its own */
#define ASYNC_WS_LOG_WARN 2 /*!< Error conditions from which recovery measures have been taken */
#define ASYNC_WS_LOG_INFO 3 /*!< Information messages which describe normal flow of events */
#define ASYNC_WS_LOG_DEBUG 4 /*!< Extra information which is not necessary for normal use (values, pointers, sizes, etc). */
#define ASYNC_WS_LOG_VERBOSE 5 /*!< Verbose information for debugging purposes */
#define ASYNC_WS_LOG_MAX 6 /*!< Number of levels supported */
// set default log level
#ifndef ASYNCWEBSERVER_LOG_LEVEL
#define ASYNCWEBSERVER_LOG_LEVEL ASYNC_WS_LOG_INFO
#endif
// error
#if ASYNCWEBSERVER_LOG_LEVEL >= ASYNC_WS_LOG_ERROR
#define async_ws_log_e(format, ...) ets_printf(String(F("E async_ws %s() %d: " format)).c_str(), __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, ##__VA_ARGS__);
#else
#define async_ws_log_e(format, ...)
#endif
// warn
#if ASYNCWEBSERVER_LOG_LEVEL >= ASYNC_WS_LOG_WARN
#define async_ws_log_w(format, ...) ets_printf(String(F("W async_ws %s() %d: " format)).c_str(), __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, ##__VA_ARGS__);
#else
#define async_ws_log_w(format, ...)
#endif
// info
#if ASYNCWEBSERVER_LOG_LEVEL >= ASYNC_WS_LOG_INFO
#define async_ws_log_i(format, ...) ets_printf(String(F("I async_ws %s() %d: " format)).c_str(), __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, ##__VA_ARGS__);
#else
#define async_ws_log_i(format, ...)
#endif
// debug
#if ASYNCWEBSERVER_LOG_LEVEL >= ASYNC_WS_LOG_DEBUG
#define async_ws_log_d(format, ...) ets_printf(String(F("D async_ws %s() %d: " format)).c_str(), __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, ##__VA_ARGS__);
#else
#define async_ws_log_d(format, ...)
#endif
// verbose
#if ASYNCWEBSERVER_LOG_LEVEL >= ASYNC_WS_LOG_VERBOSE
#define async_ws_log_v(format, ...) ets_printf(String(F("V async_ws %s() %d: " format)).c_str(), __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, ##__VA_ARGS__);
#else
#define async_ws_log_v(format, ...)
#endif
/**
* Arduino specific configurations
*/
#elif defined(ARDUINO)
#if defined(USE_ESP_IDF_LOG)
#include <esp_log.h>
#define async_ws_log_e(format, ...) ESP_LOGE("async_ws", "%s() %d: " format, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, ##__VA_ARGS__)
#define async_ws_log_w(format, ...) ESP_LOGW("async_ws", "%s() %d: " format, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, ##__VA_ARGS__)
#define async_ws_log_i(format, ...) ESP_LOGI("async_ws", "%s() %d: " format, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, ##__VA_ARGS__)
#define async_ws_log_d(format, ...) ESP_LOGD("async_ws", "%s() %d: " format, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, ##__VA_ARGS__)
#define async_ws_log_v(format, ...) ESP_LOGV("async_ws", "%s() %d: " format, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, ##__VA_ARGS__)
#else
#include <esp32-hal-log.h>
#define async_ws_log_e(format, ...) log_e(format, ##__VA_ARGS__)
#define async_ws_log_w(format, ...) log_w(format, ##__VA_ARGS__)
#define async_ws_log_i(format, ...) log_i(format, ##__VA_ARGS__)
#define async_ws_log_d(format, ...) log_d(format, ##__VA_ARGS__)
#define async_ws_log_v(format, ...) log_v(format, ##__VA_ARGS__)
#endif // USE_ESP_IDF_LOG
/**
* ESP-IDF specific configurations
*/
#else
#include <esp_log.h>
#define async_ws_log_e(format, ...) ESP_LOGE("async_ws", "%s() %d: " format, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, ##__VA_ARGS__)
#define async_ws_log_w(format, ...) ESP_LOGW("async_ws", "%s() %d: " format, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, ##__VA_ARGS__)
#define async_ws_log_i(format, ...) ESP_LOGI("async_ws", "%s() %d: " format, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, ##__VA_ARGS__)
#define async_ws_log_d(format, ...) ESP_LOGD("async_ws", "%s() %d: " format, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, ##__VA_ARGS__)
#define async_ws_log_v(format, ...) ESP_LOGV("async_ws", "%s() %d: " format, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, ##__VA_ARGS__)
#endif // !LIBRETINY && !ARDUINO
#endif // ASYNCWEBSERVER_LOG_CUSTOM

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#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
/**
* @brief Sends a file from the filesystem to the client, with optional gzip compression and ETag-based caching.
*
* This method serves files over HTTP from the provided filesystem. If a compressed version of the file
* (with a `.gz` extension) exists and uncompressed version does not exist, it serves the compressed file.
* It also handles ETag caching using the CRC32 value from the gzip trailer, responding with `304 Not Modified`
* if the client's `If-None-Match` header matches the generated ETag.
*
* @param fs Reference to the filesystem (SPIFFS, LittleFS, etc.).
* @param path Path to the file to be served.
* @param contentType Optional MIME type of the file to be sent.
* If contentType is "" it will be obtained from the file extension
* @param download If true, forces the file to be sent as a download.
* @param callback Optional template processor for dynamic content generation.
* Templates will not be processed in compressed files.
*
* @note If neither the file nor its compressed version exists, responds with `404 Not Found`.
*/
void AsyncWebServerRequest::send(FS &fs, const String &path, const char *contentType, bool download, AwsTemplateProcessor callback) {
// Check uncompressed file first
if (fs.exists(path)) {
send(beginResponse(fs, path, contentType, download, callback));
return;
}
// Handle compressed version
const String gzPath = path + asyncsrv::T__gz;
File gzFile = fs.open(gzPath, fs::FileOpenMode::read);
// ETag validation
if (this->hasHeader(asyncsrv::T_INM)) {
// Generate server ETag from CRC in gzip trailer
char serverETag[9];
if (!_getEtag(gzFile, serverETag)) {
// Compressed file not found or invalid
send(404);
gzFile.close();
return;
}
// Compare with client's ETag
const AsyncWebHeader *inmHeader = this->getHeader(asyncsrv::T_INM);
if (inmHeader && inmHeader->value() == serverETag) {
gzFile.close();
this->send(304); // Not Modified
return;
}
}
// Send compressed file response
gzFile.close();
send(beginResponse(fs, path, contentType, download, callback));
}
/**
* @brief Generates an ETag string from the CRC32 trailer of a GZIP file.
*
* This function reads the CRC32 checksum (4 bytes) located at the end of a GZIP-compressed file
* and converts it into an 8-character hexadecimal ETag string (null-terminated).
*
* @param gzFile Opened file handle pointing to the GZIP file.
* @param eTag Output buffer to store the generated ETag.
* Must be pre-allocated with at least 9 bytes (8 for hex digits + 1 for null terminator).
*
* @return true if the ETag was successfully generated, false otherwise (e.g., file too short or seek failed).
*/
bool AsyncWebServerRequest::_getEtag(File gzFile, char *etag) {
static constexpr char hexChars[] = "0123456789ABCDEF";
if (!gzFile.seek(gzFile.size() - 8)) {
return false;
}
uint32_t crc;
gzFile.read(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(&crc), sizeof(crc));
etag[0] = hexChars[(crc >> 4) & 0x0F];
etag[1] = hexChars[crc & 0x0F];
etag[2] = hexChars[(crc >> 12) & 0x0F];
etag[3] = hexChars[(crc >> 8) & 0x0F];
etag[4] = hexChars[(crc >> 20) & 0x0F];
etag[5] = hexChars[(crc >> 16) & 0x0F];
etag[6] = hexChars[(crc >> 28)];
etag[7] = hexChars[(crc >> 24) & 0x0F];
etag[8] = '\0';
return true;
}

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// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
#pragma once
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif
/** Major version number (X.x.x) */
#define ASYNCWEBSERVER_VERSION_MAJOR 3
/** Minor version number (x.X.x) */
#define ASYNCWEBSERVER_VERSION_MINOR 9
/** Patch version number (x.x.X) */
#define ASYNCWEBSERVER_VERSION_PATCH 0
/**
* Macro to convert version number into an integer
*
* To be used in comparisons, such as ASYNCWEBSERVER_VERSION >= ASYNCWEBSERVER_VERSION_VAL(2, 0, 0)
*/
#define ASYNCWEBSERVER_VERSION_VAL(major, minor, patch) ((major << 16) | (minor << 8) | (patch))
/**
* Current version, as an integer
*
* To be used in comparisons, such as ASYNCWEBSERVER_VERSION_NUM >= ASYNCWEBSERVER_VERSION_VAL(2, 0, 0)
*/
#define ASYNCWEBSERVER_VERSION_NUM ASYNCWEBSERVER_VERSION_VAL(ASYNCWEBSERVER_VERSION_MAJOR, ASYNCWEBSERVER_VERSION_MINOR, ASYNCWEBSERVER_VERSION_PATCH)
/**
* Current version, as string
*/
#define df2xstr(s) #s
#define df2str(s) df2xstr(s)
#define ASYNCWEBSERVER_VERSION df2str(ASYNCWEBSERVER_VERSION_MAJOR) "." df2str(ASYNCWEBSERVER_VERSION_MINOR) "." df2str(ASYNCWEBSERVER_VERSION_PATCH)
#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif

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// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
#ifndef ASYNCWEBSOCKET_H_
#define ASYNCWEBSOCKET_H_
#include <Arduino.h>
#if defined(ESP32) || defined(LIBRETINY)
#include <AsyncTCP.h>
#ifdef LIBRETINY
#ifdef round
#undef round
#endif
#endif
#include <mutex>
#ifndef WS_MAX_QUEUED_MESSAGES
#define WS_MAX_QUEUED_MESSAGES 32
#endif
#elif defined(ESP8266)
#include <ESPAsyncTCP.h>
#ifndef WS_MAX_QUEUED_MESSAGES
#define WS_MAX_QUEUED_MESSAGES 8
#endif
#elif defined(TARGET_RP2040) || defined(TARGET_RP2350) || defined(PICO_RP2040) || defined(PICO_RP2350)
#include <RPAsyncTCP.h>
#ifndef WS_MAX_QUEUED_MESSAGES
#define WS_MAX_QUEUED_MESSAGES 32
#endif
#endif
#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
#include <AsyncWebServerLogging.h>
#include <memory>
#ifdef ESP8266
#include <Hash.h>
#ifdef CRYPTO_HASH_h // include Hash.h from espressif framework if the first include was from the crypto library
#include <../src/Hash.h>
#endif
#endif
#ifndef DEFAULT_MAX_WS_CLIENTS
#ifdef ESP32
#define DEFAULT_MAX_WS_CLIENTS 8
#else
#define DEFAULT_MAX_WS_CLIENTS 4
#endif
#endif
using AsyncWebSocketSharedBuffer = std::shared_ptr<std::vector<uint8_t>>;
class AsyncWebSocket;
class AsyncWebSocketResponse;
class AsyncWebSocketClient;
/*
* Control Frame
*/
class AsyncWebSocketControl {
private:
uint8_t _opcode;
uint8_t *_data;
size_t _len;
bool _mask;
bool _finished;
public:
AsyncWebSocketControl(uint8_t opcode, const uint8_t *data = NULL, size_t len = 0, bool mask = false)
: _opcode(opcode), _len(len), _mask(len && mask), _finished(false) {
if (data == NULL) {
_len = 0;
}
if (_len) {
if (_len > 125) {
_len = 125;
}
_data = (uint8_t *)malloc(_len);
if (_data == NULL) {
async_ws_log_e("Failed to allocate");
_len = 0;
} else {
memcpy(_data, data, len);
}
} else {
_data = NULL;
}
}
~AsyncWebSocketControl() {
if (_data != NULL) {
free(_data);
}
}
bool finished() const {
return _finished;
}
uint8_t opcode() {
return _opcode;
}
uint8_t len() {
return _len + 2;
}
size_t send(AsyncClient *client);
};
typedef struct {
/** Message type as defined by enum AwsFrameType.
* Note: Applications will only see WS_TEXT and WS_BINARY.
* All other types are handled by the library. */
uint8_t message_opcode;
/** Frame number of a fragmented message. */
uint32_t num;
/** Is this the last frame in a fragmented message ?*/
uint8_t final;
/** Is this frame masked? */
uint8_t masked;
/** Message type as defined by enum AwsFrameType.
* This value is the same as message_opcode for non-fragmented
* messages, but may also be WS_CONTINUATION in a fragmented message. */
uint8_t opcode;
/** Length of the current frame.
* This equals the total length of the message if num == 0 && final == true */
uint64_t len;
/** Mask key */
uint8_t mask[4];
/** Offset of the data inside the current frame. */
uint64_t index;
} AwsFrameInfo;
typedef enum {
WS_DISCONNECTED,
WS_CONNECTED,
WS_DISCONNECTING
} AwsClientStatus;
typedef enum {
WS_CONTINUATION,
WS_TEXT,
WS_BINARY,
WS_DISCONNECT = 0x08,
WS_PING,
WS_PONG
} AwsFrameType;
typedef enum {
WS_MSG_SENDING,
WS_MSG_SENT,
WS_MSG_ERROR
} AwsMessageStatus;
typedef enum {
WS_EVT_CONNECT,
WS_EVT_DISCONNECT,
WS_EVT_PING,
WS_EVT_PONG,
WS_EVT_ERROR,
WS_EVT_DATA
} AwsEventType;
class AsyncWebSocketMessageBuffer {
friend AsyncWebSocket;
friend AsyncWebSocketClient;
private:
AsyncWebSocketSharedBuffer _buffer;
public:
AsyncWebSocketMessageBuffer() {}
explicit AsyncWebSocketMessageBuffer(size_t size);
AsyncWebSocketMessageBuffer(const uint8_t *data, size_t size);
//~AsyncWebSocketMessageBuffer();
bool reserve(size_t size);
uint8_t *get() {
return _buffer->data();
}
size_t length() const {
return _buffer->size();
}
};
class AsyncWebSocketMessage {
private:
AsyncWebSocketSharedBuffer _WSbuffer;
uint8_t _opcode{WS_TEXT};
bool _mask{false};
AwsMessageStatus _status{WS_MSG_ERROR};
size_t _sent{};
size_t _ack{};
size_t _acked{};
public:
AsyncWebSocketMessage(AsyncWebSocketSharedBuffer buffer, uint8_t opcode = WS_TEXT, bool mask = false);
bool finished() const {
return _status != WS_MSG_SENDING;
}
bool betweenFrames() const {
return _acked == _ack;
}
void ack(size_t len, uint32_t time);
size_t send(AsyncClient *client);
};
class AsyncWebSocketClient {
private:
AsyncClient *_client;
AsyncWebSocket *_server;
uint32_t _clientId;
AwsClientStatus _status;
uint8_t _pstate;
uint32_t _lastMessageTime;
uint32_t _keepAlivePeriod;
#ifdef ESP32
mutable std::recursive_mutex _lock;
#endif
std::deque<AsyncWebSocketControl> _controlQueue;
std::deque<AsyncWebSocketMessage> _messageQueue;
bool closeWhenFull = true;
AwsFrameInfo _pinfo;
bool _queueControl(uint8_t opcode, const uint8_t *data = NULL, size_t len = 0, bool mask = false);
bool _queueMessage(AsyncWebSocketSharedBuffer buffer, uint8_t opcode = WS_TEXT, bool mask = false);
void _runQueue();
void _clearQueue();
public:
void *_tempObject;
AsyncWebSocketClient(AsyncClient *client, AsyncWebSocket *server);
/**
* @brief Construct a new Async Web Socket Client object
* @note constructor would take the ownership of of AsyncTCP's client pointer from `request` parameter and call delete on it!
* @param request
* @param server
*/
AsyncWebSocketClient(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, AsyncWebSocket *server) : AsyncWebSocketClient(request->clientRelease(), server){};
~AsyncWebSocketClient();
// client id increments for the given server
uint32_t id() const {
return _clientId;
}
AwsClientStatus status() const {
return _status;
}
AsyncClient *client() {
return _client;
}
const AsyncClient *client() const {
return _client;
}
AsyncWebSocket *server() {
return _server;
}
const AsyncWebSocket *server() const {
return _server;
}
AwsFrameInfo const &pinfo() const {
return _pinfo;
}
// - If "true" (default), the connection will be closed if the message queue is full.
// This is the default behavior in yubox-node-org, which is not silently discarding messages but instead closes the connection.
// The big issue with this behavior is that is can cause the UI to automatically re-create a new WS connection, which can be filled again,
// and so on, causing a resource exhaustion.
//
// - If "false", the incoming message will be discarded if the queue is full.
// This is the default behavior in the original ESPAsyncWebServer library from me-no-dev.
// This behavior allows the best performance at the expense of unreliable message delivery in case the queue is full (some messages may be lost).
//
// - In any case, when the queue is full, a message is logged.
// - IT is recommended to use the methods queueIsFull(), availableForWriteAll(), availableForWrite(clientId) to check if the queue is full before sending a message.
//
// Usage:
// - can be set in the onEvent listener when connecting (event type is: WS_EVT_CONNECT)
//
// Use cases:,
// - if using websocket to send logging messages, maybe some loss is acceptable.
// - But if using websocket to send UI update messages, maybe the connection should be closed and the UI redrawn.
void setCloseClientOnQueueFull(bool close) {
closeWhenFull = close;
}
bool willCloseClientOnQueueFull() const {
return closeWhenFull;
}
IPAddress remoteIP() const;
uint16_t remotePort() const;
bool shouldBeDeleted() const {
return !_client;
}
// control frames
void close(uint16_t code = 0, const char *message = NULL);
bool ping(const uint8_t *data = NULL, size_t len = 0);
// set auto-ping period in seconds. disabled if zero (default)
void keepAlivePeriod(uint16_t seconds) {
_keepAlivePeriod = seconds * 1000;
}
uint16_t keepAlivePeriod() {
return (uint16_t)(_keepAlivePeriod / 1000);
}
// data packets
void message(AsyncWebSocketSharedBuffer buffer, uint8_t opcode = WS_TEXT, bool mask = false) {
_queueMessage(buffer, opcode, mask);
}
bool queueIsFull() const;
size_t queueLen() const;
size_t printf(const char *format, ...) __attribute__((format(printf, 2, 3)));
bool text(AsyncWebSocketSharedBuffer buffer);
bool text(const uint8_t *message, size_t len);
bool text(const char *message, size_t len);
bool text(const char *message);
bool text(const String &message);
bool text(AsyncWebSocketMessageBuffer *buffer);
bool binary(AsyncWebSocketSharedBuffer buffer);
bool binary(const uint8_t *message, size_t len);
bool binary(const char *message, size_t len);
bool binary(const char *message);
bool binary(const String &message);
bool binary(AsyncWebSocketMessageBuffer *buffer);
bool canSend() const;
// system callbacks (do not call)
void _onAck(size_t len, uint32_t time);
void _onError(int8_t);
void _onPoll();
void _onTimeout(uint32_t time);
void _onDisconnect();
void _onData(void *pbuf, size_t plen);
#ifdef ESP8266
size_t printf_P(PGM_P formatP, ...) __attribute__((format(printf, 2, 3)));
bool text(const __FlashStringHelper *message);
bool binary(const __FlashStringHelper *message, size_t len);
#endif
};
using AwsHandshakeHandler = std::function<bool(AsyncWebServerRequest *request)>;
using AwsEventHandler = std::function<void(AsyncWebSocket *server, AsyncWebSocketClient *client, AwsEventType type, void *arg, uint8_t *data, size_t len)>;
// WebServer Handler implementation that plays the role of a socket server
class AsyncWebSocket : public AsyncWebHandler {
private:
String _url;
std::list<AsyncWebSocketClient> _clients;
uint32_t _cNextId;
AwsEventHandler _eventHandler;
AwsHandshakeHandler _handshakeHandler;
bool _enabled;
#ifdef ESP32
mutable std::mutex _lock;
#endif
public:
typedef enum {
DISCARDED = 0,
ENQUEUED = 1,
PARTIALLY_ENQUEUED = 2,
} SendStatus;
explicit AsyncWebSocket(const char *url, AwsEventHandler handler = nullptr) : _url(url), _cNextId(1), _eventHandler(handler), _enabled(true) {}
AsyncWebSocket(const String &url, AwsEventHandler handler = nullptr) : _url(url), _cNextId(1), _eventHandler(handler), _enabled(true) {}
~AsyncWebSocket(){};
const char *url() const {
return _url.c_str();
}
void enable(bool e) {
_enabled = e;
}
bool enabled() const {
return _enabled;
}
bool availableForWriteAll();
bool availableForWrite(uint32_t id);
size_t count() const;
AsyncWebSocketClient *client(uint32_t id);
bool hasClient(uint32_t id) {
return client(id) != nullptr;
}
void close(uint32_t id, uint16_t code = 0, const char *message = NULL);
void closeAll(uint16_t code = 0, const char *message = NULL);
void cleanupClients(uint16_t maxClients = DEFAULT_MAX_WS_CLIENTS);
bool ping(uint32_t id, const uint8_t *data = NULL, size_t len = 0);
SendStatus pingAll(const uint8_t *data = NULL, size_t len = 0); // done
bool text(uint32_t id, const uint8_t *message, size_t len);
bool text(uint32_t id, const char *message, size_t len);
bool text(uint32_t id, const char *message);
bool text(uint32_t id, const String &message);
bool text(uint32_t id, AsyncWebSocketMessageBuffer *buffer);
bool text(uint32_t id, AsyncWebSocketSharedBuffer buffer);
SendStatus textAll(const uint8_t *message, size_t len);
SendStatus textAll(const char *message, size_t len);
SendStatus textAll(const char *message);
SendStatus textAll(const String &message);
SendStatus textAll(AsyncWebSocketMessageBuffer *buffer);
SendStatus textAll(AsyncWebSocketSharedBuffer buffer);
bool binary(uint32_t id, const uint8_t *message, size_t len);
bool binary(uint32_t id, const char *message, size_t len);
bool binary(uint32_t id, const char *message);
bool binary(uint32_t id, const String &message);
bool binary(uint32_t id, AsyncWebSocketMessageBuffer *buffer);
bool binary(uint32_t id, AsyncWebSocketSharedBuffer buffer);
SendStatus binaryAll(const uint8_t *message, size_t len);
SendStatus binaryAll(const char *message, size_t len);
SendStatus binaryAll(const char *message);
SendStatus binaryAll(const String &message);
SendStatus binaryAll(AsyncWebSocketMessageBuffer *buffer);
SendStatus binaryAll(AsyncWebSocketSharedBuffer buffer);
size_t printf(uint32_t id, const char *format, ...) __attribute__((format(printf, 3, 4)));
size_t printfAll(const char *format, ...) __attribute__((format(printf, 2, 3)));
#ifdef ESP8266
bool text(uint32_t id, const __FlashStringHelper *message);
SendStatus textAll(const __FlashStringHelper *message);
bool binary(uint32_t id, const __FlashStringHelper *message, size_t len);
SendStatus binaryAll(const __FlashStringHelper *message, size_t len);
size_t printf_P(uint32_t id, PGM_P formatP, ...) __attribute__((format(printf, 3, 4)));
size_t printfAll_P(PGM_P formatP, ...) __attribute__((format(printf, 2, 3)));
#endif
void onEvent(AwsEventHandler handler) {
_eventHandler = handler;
}
void handleHandshake(AwsHandshakeHandler handler) {
_handshakeHandler = handler;
}
// system callbacks (do not call)
uint32_t _getNextId() {
return _cNextId++;
}
AsyncWebSocketClient *_newClient(AsyncWebServerRequest *request);
void _handleDisconnect(AsyncWebSocketClient *client);
void _handleEvent(AsyncWebSocketClient *client, AwsEventType type, void *arg, uint8_t *data, size_t len);
bool canHandle(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) const override final;
void handleRequest(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) override final;
// messagebuffer functions/objects.
AsyncWebSocketMessageBuffer *makeBuffer(size_t size = 0);
AsyncWebSocketMessageBuffer *makeBuffer(const uint8_t *data, size_t size);
std::list<AsyncWebSocketClient> &getClients() {
return _clients;
}
};
// WebServer response to authenticate the socket and detach the tcp client from the web server request
class AsyncWebSocketResponse : public AsyncWebServerResponse {
private:
String _content;
AsyncWebSocket *_server;
AsyncWebServerRequest *_request;
// this call back will switch AsyncTCP client to WebSocket
void _switchClient();
public:
AsyncWebSocketResponse(const String &key, AsyncWebSocket *server);
void _respond(AsyncWebServerRequest *request);
size_t _ack(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, size_t len, uint32_t time) override {
return 0;
};
bool _sourceValid() const {
return true;
}
};
class AsyncWebSocketMessageHandler {
public:
AwsEventHandler eventHandler() const {
return _handler;
}
void onConnect(std::function<void(AsyncWebSocket *server, AsyncWebSocketClient *client)> onConnect) {
_onConnect = onConnect;
}
void onDisconnect(std::function<void(AsyncWebSocket *server, uint32_t clientId)> onDisconnect) {
_onDisconnect = onDisconnect;
}
/**
* Error callback
* @param reason null-terminated string
* @param len length of the string
*/
void onError(std::function<void(AsyncWebSocket *server, AsyncWebSocketClient *client, uint16_t errorCode, const char *reason, size_t len)> onError) {
_onError = onError;
}
/**
* Complete message callback
* @param data pointer to the data (binary or null-terminated string). This handler expects the user to know which data type he uses.
*/
void onMessage(std::function<void(AsyncWebSocket *server, AsyncWebSocketClient *client, const uint8_t *data, size_t len)> onMessage) {
_onMessage = onMessage;
}
/**
* Fragmented message callback
* @param data pointer to the data (binary or null-terminated string), will be null-terminated. This handler expects the user to know which data type he uses.
*/
// clang-format off
void onFragment(std::function<void(AsyncWebSocket *server, AsyncWebSocketClient *client, const AwsFrameInfo *frameInfo, const uint8_t *data, size_t len)> onFragment) {
_onFragment = onFragment;
}
// clang-format on
private:
// clang-format off
std::function<void(AsyncWebSocket *server, AsyncWebSocketClient *client)> _onConnect;
std::function<void(AsyncWebSocket *server, AsyncWebSocketClient *client, uint16_t errorCode, const char *reason, size_t len)> _onError;
std::function<void(AsyncWebSocket *server, AsyncWebSocketClient *client, const uint8_t *data, size_t len)> _onMessage;
std::function<void(AsyncWebSocket *server, AsyncWebSocketClient *client, const AwsFrameInfo *frameInfo, const uint8_t *data, size_t len)> _onFragment;
std::function<void(AsyncWebSocket *server, uint32_t clientId)> _onDisconnect;
// clang-format on
// this handler is meant to only support 1-frame messages (== unfragmented messages)
AwsEventHandler _handler = [this](AsyncWebSocket *server, AsyncWebSocketClient *client, AwsEventType type, void *arg, uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
if (type == WS_EVT_CONNECT) {
if (_onConnect) {
_onConnect(server, client);
}
} else if (type == WS_EVT_DISCONNECT) {
if (_onDisconnect) {
_onDisconnect(server, client->id());
}
} else if (type == WS_EVT_ERROR) {
if (_onError) {
_onError(server, client, *((uint16_t *)arg), (const char *)data, len);
}
} else if (type == WS_EVT_DATA) {
AwsFrameInfo *info = (AwsFrameInfo *)arg;
if (info->opcode == WS_TEXT) {
data[len] = 0;
}
if (info->final && info->index == 0 && info->len == len) {
if (_onMessage) {
_onMessage(server, client, data, len);
}
} else {
if (_onFragment) {
_onFragment(server, client, info, data, len);
}
}
}
};
};
#endif /* ASYNCWEBSOCKET_H_ */

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/*
* FIPS-180-1 compliant SHA-1 implementation
*
* Copyright (C) 2006-2015, ARM Limited, All Rights Reserved
* SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may
* not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
* WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*
* This file is part of mbed TLS (https://tls.mbed.org)
* Modified for esp32 by Lucas Saavedra Vaz on 11 Jan 2024
*/
#include <Arduino.h>
#if ESP_IDF_VERSION_MAJOR < 5
#include "BackPort_SHA1Builder.h"
// 32-bit integer manipulation macros (big endian)
#ifndef GET_UINT32_BE
#define GET_UINT32_BE(n, b, i) \
{ (n) = ((uint32_t)(b)[(i)] << 24) | ((uint32_t)(b)[(i) + 1] << 16) | ((uint32_t)(b)[(i) + 2] << 8) | ((uint32_t)(b)[(i) + 3]); }
#endif
#ifndef PUT_UINT32_BE
#define PUT_UINT32_BE(n, b, i) \
{ \
(b)[(i)] = (uint8_t)((n) >> 24); \
(b)[(i) + 1] = (uint8_t)((n) >> 16); \
(b)[(i) + 2] = (uint8_t)((n) >> 8); \
(b)[(i) + 3] = (uint8_t)((n)); \
}
#endif
// Constants
static const uint8_t sha1_padding[64] = {0x80, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
// Private methods
void SHA1Builder::process(const uint8_t *data) {
uint32_t temp, W[16], A, B, C, D, E;
GET_UINT32_BE(W[0], data, 0);
GET_UINT32_BE(W[1], data, 4);
GET_UINT32_BE(W[2], data, 8);
GET_UINT32_BE(W[3], data, 12);
GET_UINT32_BE(W[4], data, 16);
GET_UINT32_BE(W[5], data, 20);
GET_UINT32_BE(W[6], data, 24);
GET_UINT32_BE(W[7], data, 28);
GET_UINT32_BE(W[8], data, 32);
GET_UINT32_BE(W[9], data, 36);
GET_UINT32_BE(W[10], data, 40);
GET_UINT32_BE(W[11], data, 44);
GET_UINT32_BE(W[12], data, 48);
GET_UINT32_BE(W[13], data, 52);
GET_UINT32_BE(W[14], data, 56);
GET_UINT32_BE(W[15], data, 60);
#define sha1_S(x, n) ((x << n) | ((x & 0xFFFFFFFF) >> (32 - n)))
#define sha1_R(t) (temp = W[(t - 3) & 0x0F] ^ W[(t - 8) & 0x0F] ^ W[(t - 14) & 0x0F] ^ W[t & 0x0F], (W[t & 0x0F] = sha1_S(temp, 1)))
#define sha1_P(a, b, c, d, e, x) \
{ \
e += sha1_S(a, 5) + sha1_F(b, c, d) + sha1_K + x; \
b = sha1_S(b, 30); \
}
A = state[0];
B = state[1];
C = state[2];
D = state[3];
E = state[4];
#define sha1_F(x, y, z) (z ^ (x & (y ^ z)))
#define sha1_K 0x5A827999
sha1_P(A, B, C, D, E, W[0]);
sha1_P(E, A, B, C, D, W[1]);
sha1_P(D, E, A, B, C, W[2]);
sha1_P(C, D, E, A, B, W[3]);
sha1_P(B, C, D, E, A, W[4]);
sha1_P(A, B, C, D, E, W[5]);
sha1_P(E, A, B, C, D, W[6]);
sha1_P(D, E, A, B, C, W[7]);
sha1_P(C, D, E, A, B, W[8]);
sha1_P(B, C, D, E, A, W[9]);
sha1_P(A, B, C, D, E, W[10]);
sha1_P(E, A, B, C, D, W[11]);
sha1_P(D, E, A, B, C, W[12]);
sha1_P(C, D, E, A, B, W[13]);
sha1_P(B, C, D, E, A, W[14]);
sha1_P(A, B, C, D, E, W[15]);
sha1_P(E, A, B, C, D, sha1_R(16));
sha1_P(D, E, A, B, C, sha1_R(17));
sha1_P(C, D, E, A, B, sha1_R(18));
sha1_P(B, C, D, E, A, sha1_R(19));
#undef sha1_K
#undef sha1_F
#define sha1_F(x, y, z) (x ^ y ^ z)
#define sha1_K 0x6ED9EBA1
sha1_P(A, B, C, D, E, sha1_R(20));
sha1_P(E, A, B, C, D, sha1_R(21));
sha1_P(D, E, A, B, C, sha1_R(22));
sha1_P(C, D, E, A, B, sha1_R(23));
sha1_P(B, C, D, E, A, sha1_R(24));
sha1_P(A, B, C, D, E, sha1_R(25));
sha1_P(E, A, B, C, D, sha1_R(26));
sha1_P(D, E, A, B, C, sha1_R(27));
sha1_P(C, D, E, A, B, sha1_R(28));
sha1_P(B, C, D, E, A, sha1_R(29));
sha1_P(A, B, C, D, E, sha1_R(30));
sha1_P(E, A, B, C, D, sha1_R(31));
sha1_P(D, E, A, B, C, sha1_R(32));
sha1_P(C, D, E, A, B, sha1_R(33));
sha1_P(B, C, D, E, A, sha1_R(34));
sha1_P(A, B, C, D, E, sha1_R(35));
sha1_P(E, A, B, C, D, sha1_R(36));
sha1_P(D, E, A, B, C, sha1_R(37));
sha1_P(C, D, E, A, B, sha1_R(38));
sha1_P(B, C, D, E, A, sha1_R(39));
#undef sha1_K
#undef sha1_F
#define sha1_F(x, y, z) ((x & y) | (z & (x | y)))
#define sha1_K 0x8F1BBCDC
sha1_P(A, B, C, D, E, sha1_R(40));
sha1_P(E, A, B, C, D, sha1_R(41));
sha1_P(D, E, A, B, C, sha1_R(42));
sha1_P(C, D, E, A, B, sha1_R(43));
sha1_P(B, C, D, E, A, sha1_R(44));
sha1_P(A, B, C, D, E, sha1_R(45));
sha1_P(E, A, B, C, D, sha1_R(46));
sha1_P(D, E, A, B, C, sha1_R(47));
sha1_P(C, D, E, A, B, sha1_R(48));
sha1_P(B, C, D, E, A, sha1_R(49));
sha1_P(A, B, C, D, E, sha1_R(50));
sha1_P(E, A, B, C, D, sha1_R(51));
sha1_P(D, E, A, B, C, sha1_R(52));
sha1_P(C, D, E, A, B, sha1_R(53));
sha1_P(B, C, D, E, A, sha1_R(54));
sha1_P(A, B, C, D, E, sha1_R(55));
sha1_P(E, A, B, C, D, sha1_R(56));
sha1_P(D, E, A, B, C, sha1_R(57));
sha1_P(C, D, E, A, B, sha1_R(58));
sha1_P(B, C, D, E, A, sha1_R(59));
#undef sha1_K
#undef sha1_F
#define sha1_F(x, y, z) (x ^ y ^ z)
#define sha1_K 0xCA62C1D6
sha1_P(A, B, C, D, E, sha1_R(60));
sha1_P(E, A, B, C, D, sha1_R(61));
sha1_P(D, E, A, B, C, sha1_R(62));
sha1_P(C, D, E, A, B, sha1_R(63));
sha1_P(B, C, D, E, A, sha1_R(64));
sha1_P(A, B, C, D, E, sha1_R(65));
sha1_P(E, A, B, C, D, sha1_R(66));
sha1_P(D, E, A, B, C, sha1_R(67));
sha1_P(C, D, E, A, B, sha1_R(68));
sha1_P(B, C, D, E, A, sha1_R(69));
sha1_P(A, B, C, D, E, sha1_R(70));
sha1_P(E, A, B, C, D, sha1_R(71));
sha1_P(D, E, A, B, C, sha1_R(72));
sha1_P(C, D, E, A, B, sha1_R(73));
sha1_P(B, C, D, E, A, sha1_R(74));
sha1_P(A, B, C, D, E, sha1_R(75));
sha1_P(E, A, B, C, D, sha1_R(76));
sha1_P(D, E, A, B, C, sha1_R(77));
sha1_P(C, D, E, A, B, sha1_R(78));
sha1_P(B, C, D, E, A, sha1_R(79));
#undef sha1_K
#undef sha1_F
state[0] += A;
state[1] += B;
state[2] += C;
state[3] += D;
state[4] += E;
}
// Public methods
void SHA1Builder::begin() {
total[0] = 0;
total[1] = 0;
state[0] = 0x67452301;
state[1] = 0xEFCDAB89;
state[2] = 0x98BADCFE;
state[3] = 0x10325476;
state[4] = 0xC3D2E1F0;
memset(buffer, 0x00, sizeof(buffer));
memset(hash, 0x00, sizeof(hash));
}
void SHA1Builder::add(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
size_t fill;
uint32_t left;
if (len == 0) {
return;
}
left = total[0] & 0x3F;
fill = 64 - left;
total[0] += (uint32_t)len;
total[0] &= 0xFFFFFFFF;
if (total[0] < (uint32_t)len) {
total[1]++;
}
if (left && len >= fill) {
memcpy((void *)(buffer + left), data, fill);
process(buffer);
data += fill;
len -= fill;
left = 0;
}
while (len >= 64) {
process(data);
data += 64;
len -= 64;
}
if (len > 0) {
memcpy((void *)(buffer + left), data, len);
}
}
void SHA1Builder::calculate(void) {
uint32_t last, padn;
uint32_t high, low;
uint8_t msglen[8];
high = (total[0] >> 29) | (total[1] << 3);
low = (total[0] << 3);
PUT_UINT32_BE(high, msglen, 0);
PUT_UINT32_BE(low, msglen, 4);
last = total[0] & 0x3F;
padn = (last < 56) ? (56 - last) : (120 - last);
add((uint8_t *)sha1_padding, padn);
add(msglen, 8);
PUT_UINT32_BE(state[0], hash, 0);
PUT_UINT32_BE(state[1], hash, 4);
PUT_UINT32_BE(state[2], hash, 8);
PUT_UINT32_BE(state[3], hash, 12);
PUT_UINT32_BE(state[4], hash, 16);
}
void SHA1Builder::getBytes(uint8_t *output) {
memcpy(output, hash, SHA1_HASH_SIZE);
}
#endif // ESP_IDF_VERSION_MAJOR < 5

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// Copyright 2024 Espressif Systems (Shanghai) PTE LTD
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
#include <Arduino.h>
#if ESP_IDF_VERSION_MAJOR < 5
#ifndef SHA1Builder_h
#define SHA1Builder_h
#include <Stream.h>
#include <WString.h>
#define SHA1_HASH_SIZE 20
class SHA1Builder {
private:
uint32_t total[2]; /* number of bytes processed */
uint32_t state[5]; /* intermediate digest state */
unsigned char buffer[64]; /* data block being processed */
uint8_t hash[SHA1_HASH_SIZE]; /* SHA-1 result */
void process(const uint8_t *data);
public:
void begin();
void add(const uint8_t *data, size_t len);
void calculate();
void getBytes(uint8_t *output);
};
#endif // SHA1Builder_h
#endif // ESP_IDF_VERSION_MAJOR < 5

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// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
#include <ChunkPrint.h>
ChunkPrint::ChunkPrint(uint8_t *destination, size_t from, size_t len) : _destination(destination), _to_skip(from), _to_write(len), _pos{0} {}
size_t ChunkPrint::write(uint8_t c) {
if (_to_skip > 0) {
_to_skip--;
return 1;
} else if (_to_write > 0) {
_to_write--;
_destination[_pos++] = c;
return 1;
}
return 0;
}

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// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
#ifndef CHUNKPRINT_H
#define CHUNKPRINT_H
#include <Print.h>
class ChunkPrint : public Print {
private:
uint8_t *_destination;
size_t _to_skip;
size_t _to_write;
size_t _pos;
public:
ChunkPrint(uint8_t *destination, size_t from, size_t len);
size_t write(uint8_t c);
size_t write(const uint8_t *buffer, size_t size) {
return this->Print::write(buffer, size);
}
};
#endif

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// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
#include "WebAuthentication.h"
#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h>
AsyncMiddlewareChain::~AsyncMiddlewareChain() {
for (AsyncMiddleware *m : _middlewares) {
if (m->_freeOnRemoval) {
delete m;
}
}
}
void AsyncMiddlewareChain::addMiddleware(ArMiddlewareCallback fn) {
AsyncMiddlewareFunction *m = new AsyncMiddlewareFunction(fn);
m->_freeOnRemoval = true;
_middlewares.emplace_back(m);
}
void AsyncMiddlewareChain::addMiddleware(AsyncMiddleware *middleware) {
if (middleware) {
_middlewares.emplace_back(middleware);
}
}
void AsyncMiddlewareChain::addMiddlewares(std::vector<AsyncMiddleware *> middlewares) {
for (AsyncMiddleware *m : middlewares) {
addMiddleware(m);
}
}
bool AsyncMiddlewareChain::removeMiddleware(AsyncMiddleware *middleware) {
// remove all middlewares from _middlewares vector being equal to middleware, delete them having _freeOnRemoval flag to true and resize the vector.
const size_t size = _middlewares.size();
_middlewares.erase(
std::remove_if(
_middlewares.begin(), _middlewares.end(),
[middleware](AsyncMiddleware *m) {
if (m == middleware) {
if (m->_freeOnRemoval) {
delete m;
}
return true;
}
return false;
}
),
_middlewares.end()
);
return size != _middlewares.size();
}
void AsyncMiddlewareChain::_runChain(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, ArMiddlewareNext finalizer) {
if (!_middlewares.size()) {
return finalizer();
}
ArMiddlewareNext next;
std::list<AsyncMiddleware *>::iterator it = _middlewares.begin();
next = [this, &next, &it, request, finalizer]() {
if (it == _middlewares.end()) {
return finalizer();
}
AsyncMiddleware *m = *it;
it++;
return m->run(request, next);
};
return next();
}
void AsyncAuthenticationMiddleware::setUsername(const char *username) {
_username = username;
_hasCreds = _username.length() && _credentials.length();
}
void AsyncAuthenticationMiddleware::setPassword(const char *password) {
_credentials = password;
_hash = false;
_hasCreds = _username.length() && _credentials.length();
}
void AsyncAuthenticationMiddleware::setPasswordHash(const char *hash) {
_credentials = hash;
_hash = _credentials.length();
_hasCreds = _username.length() && _credentials.length();
}
void AsyncAuthenticationMiddleware::setToken(const char *token) {
_credentials = token;
_hash = _credentials.length();
_hasCreds = _credentials.length();
}
bool AsyncAuthenticationMiddleware::generateHash() {
// ensure we have all the necessary data
if (!_hasCreds) {
return false;
}
// if we already have a hash, do nothing
if (_hash) {
return false;
}
switch (_authMethod) {
case AsyncAuthType::AUTH_DIGEST:
_credentials = generateDigestHash(_username.c_str(), _credentials.c_str(), _realm.c_str());
if (_credentials.length()) {
_hash = true;
return true;
} else {
return false;
}
case AsyncAuthType::AUTH_BASIC:
_credentials = generateBasicHash(_username.c_str(), _credentials.c_str());
if (_credentials.length()) {
_hash = true;
return true;
} else {
return false;
}
default: return false;
}
}
bool AsyncAuthenticationMiddleware::allowed(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) const {
switch (_authMethod) {
case AsyncAuthType::AUTH_NONE: return true;
case AsyncAuthType::AUTH_DENIED: return false;
case AsyncAuthType::AUTH_BEARER: return _authcFunc(request);
case AsyncAuthType::AUTH_OTHER: return _authcFunc(request);
case AsyncAuthType::AUTH_BASIC: return !_hasCreds || _authcFunc(request);
case AsyncAuthType::AUTH_DIGEST: return !_hasCreds || _authcFunc(request);
default: return false;
}
}
void AsyncAuthenticationMiddleware::run(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, ArMiddlewareNext next) {
return allowed(request) ? next() : request->requestAuthentication(_authMethod, _realm.c_str(), _authFailMsg.c_str());
}
void AsyncHeaderFreeMiddleware::run(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, ArMiddlewareNext next) {
std::list<const char *> toRemove;
for (auto &h : request->getHeaders()) {
bool keep = false;
for (const char *k : _toKeep) {
if (strcasecmp(h.name().c_str(), k) == 0) {
keep = true;
break;
}
}
if (!keep) {
toRemove.push_back(h.name().c_str());
}
}
for (const char *h : toRemove) {
request->removeHeader(h);
}
next();
}
void AsyncHeaderFilterMiddleware::run(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, ArMiddlewareNext next) {
for (auto it = _toRemove.begin(); it != _toRemove.end(); ++it) {
request->removeHeader(*it);
}
next();
}
void AsyncLoggingMiddleware::run(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, ArMiddlewareNext next) {
if (!isEnabled()) {
next();
return;
}
_out->print(F("* Connection from "));
#ifndef LIBRETINY
_out->print(request->client()->remoteIP().toString());
#else
_out->print(request->client()->remoteIP());
#endif
_out->print(':');
_out->println(request->client()->remotePort());
_out->print('>');
_out->print(' ');
_out->print(request->methodToString());
_out->print(' ');
_out->print(request->url().c_str());
_out->print(F(" HTTP/1."));
_out->println(request->version());
for (auto &h : request->getHeaders()) {
if (h.value().length()) {
_out->print('>');
_out->print(' ');
_out->print(h.name());
_out->print(':');
_out->print(' ');
_out->println(h.value());
}
}
_out->println(F(">"));
uint32_t elapsed = millis();
next();
elapsed = millis() - elapsed;
AsyncWebServerResponse *response = request->getResponse();
if (response) {
_out->print(F("* Processed in "));
_out->print(elapsed);
_out->println(F(" ms"));
_out->print('<');
_out->print(F(" HTTP/1."));
_out->print(request->version());
_out->print(' ');
_out->print(response->code());
_out->print(' ');
_out->println(AsyncWebServerResponse::responseCodeToString(response->code()));
for (auto &h : response->getHeaders()) {
if (h.value().length()) {
_out->print('<');
_out->print(' ');
_out->print(h.name());
_out->print(':');
_out->print(' ');
_out->println(h.value());
}
}
_out->println('<');
} else {
_out->println(F("* Connection closed!"));
}
}
void AsyncCorsMiddleware::addCORSHeaders(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, AsyncWebServerResponse *response) {
if (request != nullptr && _credentials && _origin == "*") {
// cannot use wildcard when allowing credentials
response->addHeader(asyncsrv::T_CORS_ACAO, request->header(asyncsrv::T_CORS_O).c_str());
} else {
response->addHeader(asyncsrv::T_CORS_ACAO, _origin.c_str());
}
response->addHeader(asyncsrv::T_CORS_ACAM, _methods.c_str());
response->addHeader(asyncsrv::T_CORS_ACAH, _headers.c_str());
response->addHeader(asyncsrv::T_CORS_ACAC, _credentials ? asyncsrv::T_TRUE : asyncsrv::T_FALSE);
response->addHeader(asyncsrv::T_CORS_ACMA, String(_maxAge).c_str());
}
void AsyncCorsMiddleware::run(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, ArMiddlewareNext next) {
// Origin header ? => CORS handling
if (request->hasHeader(asyncsrv::T_CORS_O)) {
// check if this is a preflight request => handle it and return
if (request->method() == HTTP_OPTIONS) {
AsyncWebServerResponse *response = request->beginResponse(200);
addCORSHeaders(request, response);
request->send(response);
return;
}
// CORS request, no options => let the request pass and add CORS headers after
next();
AsyncWebServerResponse *response = request->getResponse();
if (response) {
addCORSHeaders(request, response);
}
} else {
// NO Origin header => no CORS handling
next();
}
}
bool AsyncRateLimitMiddleware::isRequestAllowed(uint32_t &retryAfterSeconds) {
uint32_t now = millis();
while (!_requestTimes.empty() && _requestTimes.front() <= now - _windowSizeMillis) {
_requestTimes.pop_front();
}
_requestTimes.push_back(now);
if (_requestTimes.size() > _maxRequests) {
_requestTimes.pop_front();
retryAfterSeconds = (_windowSizeMillis - (now - _requestTimes.front())) / 1000 + 1;
return false;
}
retryAfterSeconds = 0;
return true;
}
void AsyncRateLimitMiddleware::run(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, ArMiddlewareNext next) {
uint32_t retryAfterSeconds;
if (isRequestAllowed(retryAfterSeconds)) {
next();
} else {
AsyncWebServerResponse *response = request->beginResponse(429);
response->addHeader(asyncsrv::T_retry_after, retryAfterSeconds);
request->send(response);
}
}

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// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
#include "WebAuthentication.h"
#include "AsyncWebServerLogging.h"
#include <libb64/cencode.h>
#if defined(ESP32) || defined(TARGET_RP2040) || defined(TARGET_RP2350) || defined(PICO_RP2040) || defined(PICO_RP2350)
#include <MD5Builder.h>
#else
#include "md5.h"
#endif
#include "literals.h"
using namespace asyncsrv;
// Basic Auth hash = base64("username:password")
bool checkBasicAuthentication(const char *hash, const char *username, const char *password) {
if (username == NULL || password == NULL || hash == NULL) {
return false;
}
return generateBasicHash(username, password).equalsIgnoreCase(hash);
}
String generateBasicHash(const char *username, const char *password) {
if (username == NULL || password == NULL) {
return emptyString;
}
size_t toencodeLen = strlen(username) + strlen(password) + 1;
char *toencode = new char[toencodeLen + 1];
if (toencode == NULL) {
return emptyString;
}
char *encoded = new char[base64_encode_expected_len(toencodeLen) + 1];
if (encoded == NULL) {
delete[] toencode;
return emptyString;
}
sprintf_P(toencode, PSTR("%s:%s"), username, password);
if (base64_encode_chars(toencode, toencodeLen, encoded) > 0) {
String res = String(encoded);
delete[] toencode;
delete[] encoded;
return res;
}
delete[] toencode;
delete[] encoded;
return emptyString;
}
static bool getMD5(uint8_t *data, uint16_t len, char *output) { // 33 bytes or more
#if defined(ESP32) || defined(TARGET_RP2040) || defined(TARGET_RP2350) || defined(PICO_RP2040) || defined(PICO_RP2350)
MD5Builder md5;
md5.begin();
md5.add(data, len);
md5.calculate();
md5.getChars(output);
#else
md5_context_t _ctx;
uint8_t *_buf = (uint8_t *)malloc(16);
if (_buf == NULL) {
return false;
}
memset(_buf, 0x00, 16);
MD5Init(&_ctx);
MD5Update(&_ctx, data, len);
MD5Final(_buf, &_ctx);
for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
sprintf_P(output + (i * 2), PSTR("%02x"), _buf[i]);
}
free(_buf);
#endif
return true;
}
String genRandomMD5() {
#ifdef ESP8266
uint32_t r = RANDOM_REG32;
#else
uint32_t r = rand();
#endif
char *out = (char *)malloc(33);
if (out == NULL || !getMD5((uint8_t *)(&r), 4, out)) {
async_ws_log_e("Failed to allocate");
return emptyString;
}
String res = String(out);
free(out);
return res;
}
static String stringMD5(const String &in) {
char *out = (char *)malloc(33);
if (out == NULL || !getMD5((uint8_t *)(in.c_str()), in.length(), out)) {
async_ws_log_e("Failed to allocate");
return emptyString;
}
String res = String(out);
free(out);
return res;
}
String generateDigestHash(const char *username, const char *password, const char *realm) {
if (username == NULL || password == NULL || realm == NULL) {
return emptyString;
}
char *out = (char *)malloc(33);
if (out == NULL) {
async_ws_log_e("Failed to allocate");
return emptyString;
}
String in;
if (!in.reserve(strlen(username) + strlen(realm) + strlen(password) + 2)) {
async_ws_log_e("Failed to allocate");
free(out);
return emptyString;
}
in.concat(username);
in.concat(':');
in.concat(realm);
in.concat(':');
in.concat(password);
if (!getMD5((uint8_t *)(in.c_str()), in.length(), out)) {
async_ws_log_e("Failed to allocate");
free(out);
return emptyString;
}
in = String(out);
free(out);
return in;
}
bool checkDigestAuthentication(
const char *header, const char *method, const char *username, const char *password, const char *realm, bool passwordIsHash, const char *nonce,
const char *opaque, const char *uri
) {
if (username == NULL || password == NULL || header == NULL || method == NULL) {
// os_printf("AUTH FAIL: missing required fields\n");
return false;
}
String myHeader(header);
int nextBreak = myHeader.indexOf(',');
if (nextBreak < 0) {
// os_printf("AUTH FAIL: no variables\n");
return false;
}
String myUsername;
String myRealm;
String myNonce;
String myUri;
String myResponse;
String myQop;
String myNc;
String myCnonce;
myHeader += (char)0x2c; // ','
myHeader += (char)0x20; // ' '
do {
String avLine(myHeader.substring(0, nextBreak));
avLine.trim();
myHeader = myHeader.substring(nextBreak + 1);
nextBreak = myHeader.indexOf(',');
int eqSign = avLine.indexOf('=');
if (eqSign < 0) {
// os_printf("AUTH FAIL: no = sign\n");
return false;
}
String varName(avLine.substring(0, eqSign));
avLine = avLine.substring(eqSign + 1);
if (avLine.startsWith(String('"'))) {
avLine = avLine.substring(1, avLine.length() - 1);
}
if (varName.equals(T_username)) {
if (!avLine.equals(username)) {
// os_printf("AUTH FAIL: username\n");
return false;
}
myUsername = avLine;
} else if (varName.equals(T_realm)) {
if (realm != NULL && !avLine.equals(realm)) {
// os_printf("AUTH FAIL: realm\n");
return false;
}
myRealm = avLine;
} else if (varName.equals(T_nonce)) {
if (nonce != NULL && !avLine.equals(nonce)) {
// os_printf("AUTH FAIL: nonce\n");
return false;
}
myNonce = avLine;
} else if (varName.equals(T_opaque)) {
if (opaque != NULL && !avLine.equals(opaque)) {
// os_printf("AUTH FAIL: opaque\n");
return false;
}
} else if (varName.equals(T_uri)) {
if (uri != NULL && !avLine.equals(uri)) {
// os_printf("AUTH FAIL: uri\n");
return false;
}
myUri = avLine;
} else if (varName.equals(T_response)) {
myResponse = avLine;
} else if (varName.equals(T_qop)) {
myQop = avLine;
} else if (varName.equals(T_nc)) {
myNc = avLine;
} else if (varName.equals(T_cnonce)) {
myCnonce = avLine;
}
} while (nextBreak > 0);
String ha1 = passwordIsHash ? password : stringMD5(myUsername + ':' + myRealm + ':' + password).c_str();
String ha2 = stringMD5(String(method) + ':' + myUri);
String response = ha1 + ':' + myNonce + ':' + myNc + ':' + myCnonce + ':' + myQop + ':' + ha2;
if (myResponse.equals(stringMD5(response))) {
// os_printf("AUTH SUCCESS\n");
return true;
}
// os_printf("AUTH FAIL: password\n");
return false;
}

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// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
#ifndef WEB_AUTHENTICATION_H_
#define WEB_AUTHENTICATION_H_
#include "Arduino.h"
bool checkBasicAuthentication(const char *header, const char *username, const char *password);
bool checkDigestAuthentication(
const char *header, const char *method, const char *username, const char *password, const char *realm, bool passwordIsHash, const char *nonce,
const char *opaque, const char *uri
);
// for storing hashed versions on the device that can be authenticated against
String generateDigestHash(const char *username, const char *password, const char *realm);
String generateBasicHash(const char *username, const char *password);
String genRandomMD5();
#endif

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// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
#ifndef ASYNCWEBSERVERHANDLERIMPL_H_
#define ASYNCWEBSERVERHANDLERIMPL_H_
#include <string>
#include "stddef.h"
#include <time.h>
class AsyncStaticWebHandler : public AsyncWebHandler {
using File = fs::File;
using FS = fs::FS;
private:
bool _getFile(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) const;
bool _searchFile(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const String &path);
protected:
FS _fs;
String _uri;
String _path;
String _default_file;
String _cache_control;
String _last_modified;
AwsTemplateProcessor _callback;
bool _isDir;
bool _tryGzipFirst = true;
public:
AsyncStaticWebHandler(const char *uri, FS &fs, const char *path, const char *cache_control);
bool canHandle(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) const override final;
void handleRequest(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) override final;
AsyncStaticWebHandler &setTryGzipFirst(bool value);
AsyncStaticWebHandler &setIsDir(bool isDir);
AsyncStaticWebHandler &setDefaultFile(const char *filename);
AsyncStaticWebHandler &setCacheControl(const char *cache_control);
/**
* @brief Set the Last-Modified time for the object
*
* @param last_modified
* @return AsyncStaticWebHandler&
*/
AsyncStaticWebHandler &setLastModified(const char *last_modified);
AsyncStaticWebHandler &setLastModified(struct tm *last_modified);
AsyncStaticWebHandler &setLastModified(time_t last_modified);
// sets to current time. Make sure sntp is running and time is updated
AsyncStaticWebHandler &setLastModified();
AsyncStaticWebHandler &setTemplateProcessor(AwsTemplateProcessor newCallback);
};
class AsyncCallbackWebHandler : public AsyncWebHandler {
private:
protected:
AsyncURIMatcher _uri;
WebRequestMethodComposite _method;
ArRequestHandlerFunction _onRequest;
ArUploadHandlerFunction _onUpload;
ArBodyHandlerFunction _onBody;
bool _isRegex;
public:
AsyncCallbackWebHandler() : _uri(), _method(HTTP_ANY), _onRequest(NULL), _onUpload(NULL), _onBody(NULL), _isRegex(false) {}
void setUri(AsyncURIMatcher uri);
void setMethod(WebRequestMethodComposite method) {
_method = method;
}
void onRequest(ArRequestHandlerFunction fn) {
_onRequest = fn;
}
void onUpload(ArUploadHandlerFunction fn) {
_onUpload = fn;
}
void onBody(ArBodyHandlerFunction fn) {
_onBody = fn;
}
bool canHandle(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) const override final;
void handleRequest(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) override final;
void handleUpload(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const String &filename, size_t index, uint8_t *data, size_t len, bool final) override final;
void handleBody(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, uint8_t *data, size_t len, size_t index, size_t total) override final;
bool isRequestHandlerTrivial() const override final {
return !_onRequest;
}
};
#endif /* ASYNCWEBSERVERHANDLERIMPL_H_ */

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// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
#include "ESPAsyncWebServer.h"
#include "WebHandlerImpl.h"
#include "AsyncWebServerLogging.h"
using namespace asyncsrv;
AsyncWebHandler &AsyncWebHandler::setFilter(ArRequestFilterFunction fn) {
_filter = fn;
return *this;
}
AsyncWebHandler &AsyncWebHandler::setAuthentication(const char *username, const char *password, AsyncAuthType authMethod) {
if (!_authMiddleware) {
_authMiddleware = new AsyncAuthenticationMiddleware();
_authMiddleware->_freeOnRemoval = true;
addMiddleware(_authMiddleware);
}
_authMiddleware->setUsername(username);
_authMiddleware->setPassword(password);
_authMiddleware->setAuthType(authMethod);
return *this;
};
AsyncStaticWebHandler::AsyncStaticWebHandler(const char *uri, FS &fs, const char *path, const char *cache_control)
: _fs(fs), _uri(uri), _path(path), _default_file(F("index.htm")), _cache_control(cache_control), _last_modified(), _callback(nullptr) {
// Ensure leading '/'
if (_uri.length() == 0 || _uri[0] != '/') {
_uri = String('/') + _uri;
}
if (_path.length() == 0 || _path[0] != '/') {
_path = String('/') + _path;
}
// If path ends with '/' we assume a hint that this is a directory to improve performance.
// However - if it does not end with '/' we, can't assume a file, path can still be a directory.
_isDir = _path[_path.length() - 1] == '/';
// Remove the trailing '/' so we can handle default file
// Notice that root will be "" not "/"
if (_uri[_uri.length() - 1] == '/') {
_uri = _uri.substring(0, _uri.length() - 1);
}
if (_path[_path.length() - 1] == '/') {
_path = _path.substring(0, _path.length() - 1);
}
}
AsyncStaticWebHandler &AsyncStaticWebHandler::setTryGzipFirst(bool value) {
_tryGzipFirst = value;
return *this;
}
AsyncStaticWebHandler &AsyncStaticWebHandler::setIsDir(bool isDir) {
_isDir = isDir;
return *this;
}
AsyncStaticWebHandler &AsyncStaticWebHandler::setDefaultFile(const char *filename) {
_default_file = filename;
return *this;
}
AsyncStaticWebHandler &AsyncStaticWebHandler::setCacheControl(const char *cache_control) {
_cache_control = cache_control;
return *this;
}
AsyncStaticWebHandler &AsyncStaticWebHandler::setLastModified(const char *last_modified) {
_last_modified = last_modified;
return *this;
}
AsyncStaticWebHandler &AsyncStaticWebHandler::setLastModified(struct tm *last_modified) {
char result[30];
#ifdef ESP8266
auto formatP = PSTR("%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S GMT");
char format[strlen_P(formatP) + 1];
strcpy_P(format, formatP);
#else
static constexpr const char *format = "%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S GMT";
#endif
strftime(result, sizeof(result), format, last_modified);
_last_modified = result;
return *this;
}
AsyncStaticWebHandler &AsyncStaticWebHandler::setLastModified(time_t last_modified) {
return setLastModified((struct tm *)gmtime(&last_modified));
}
AsyncStaticWebHandler &AsyncStaticWebHandler::setLastModified() {
time_t last_modified;
if (time(&last_modified) == 0) { // time is not yet set
return *this;
}
return setLastModified(last_modified);
}
bool AsyncStaticWebHandler::canHandle(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) const {
return request->isHTTP() && request->method() == HTTP_GET && request->url().startsWith(_uri) && _getFile(request);
}
bool AsyncStaticWebHandler::_getFile(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) const {
// Remove the found uri
String path = request->url().substring(_uri.length());
// We can skip the file check and look for default if request is to the root of a directory or that request path ends with '/'
bool canSkipFileCheck = (_isDir && path.length() == 0) || (path.length() && path[path.length() - 1] == '/');
path = _path + path;
// Do we have a file or .gz file
if (!canSkipFileCheck && const_cast<AsyncStaticWebHandler *>(this)->_searchFile(request, path)) {
return true;
}
// Can't handle if not default file
if (_default_file.length() == 0) {
return false;
}
// Try to add default file, ensure there is a trailing '/' to the path.
if (path.length() == 0 || path[path.length() - 1] != '/') {
path += String('/');
}
path += _default_file;
return const_cast<AsyncStaticWebHandler *>(this)->_searchFile(request, path);
}
#ifdef ESP32
#define FILE_IS_REAL(f) (f == true && !f.isDirectory())
#else
#define FILE_IS_REAL(f) (f == true)
#endif
bool AsyncStaticWebHandler::_searchFile(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const String &path) {
bool fileFound = false;
bool gzipFound = false;
String gzip = path + T__gz;
if (_tryGzipFirst) {
if (_fs.exists(gzip)) {
request->_tempFile = _fs.open(gzip, fs::FileOpenMode::read);
gzipFound = FILE_IS_REAL(request->_tempFile);
}
if (!gzipFound) {
if (_fs.exists(path)) {
request->_tempFile = _fs.open(path, fs::FileOpenMode::read);
fileFound = FILE_IS_REAL(request->_tempFile);
}
}
} else {
if (_fs.exists(path)) {
request->_tempFile = _fs.open(path, fs::FileOpenMode::read);
fileFound = FILE_IS_REAL(request->_tempFile);
}
if (!fileFound) {
if (_fs.exists(gzip)) {
request->_tempFile = _fs.open(gzip, fs::FileOpenMode::read);
gzipFound = FILE_IS_REAL(request->_tempFile);
}
}
}
bool found = fileFound || gzipFound;
if (found) {
// Extract the file name from the path and keep it in _tempObject
size_t pathLen = path.length();
char *_tempPath = (char *)malloc(pathLen + 1);
if (_tempPath == NULL) {
async_ws_log_e("Failed to allocate");
request->abort();
request->_tempFile.close();
return false;
}
snprintf_P(_tempPath, pathLen + 1, PSTR("%s"), path.c_str());
request->_tempObject = (void *)_tempPath;
}
return found;
}
/**
* @brief Handles an incoming HTTP request for a static file.
*
* This method processes a request for serving static files asynchronously.
* It determines the correct ETag (entity tag) for caching, checks if the file
* has been modified, and prepares the appropriate response (file response or 304 Not Modified).
*
* @param request Pointer to the incoming AsyncWebServerRequest object.
*/
void AsyncStaticWebHandler::handleRequest(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
// Get the filename from request->_tempObject and free it
String filename((char *)request->_tempObject);
free(request->_tempObject);
request->_tempObject = nullptr;
if (request->_tempFile != true) {
request->send(404);
return;
}
// Get server ETag. If file is not GZ and we have a Template Processor, ETag is set to an empty string
char etag[9];
const char *tempFileName = request->_tempFile.name();
const size_t lenFilename = strlen(tempFileName);
if (lenFilename > T__GZ_LEN && memcmp(tempFileName + lenFilename - T__GZ_LEN, T__gz, T__GZ_LEN) == 0) {
//File is a gz, get etag from CRC in trailer
if (!AsyncWebServerRequest::_getEtag(request->_tempFile, etag)) {
// File is corrupted or invalid
async_ws_log_e("File is corrupted or invalid: %s", tempFileName);
request->send(404);
return;
}
// Reset file position to the beginning so the file can be served from the start.
request->_tempFile.seek(0);
} else if (_callback == nullptr) {
// We don't have a Template processor
uint32_t etagValue;
time_t lastWrite = request->_tempFile.getLastWrite();
if (lastWrite > 0) {
// Use timestamp-based ETag
etagValue = static_cast<uint32_t>(lastWrite);
} else {
// No timestamp available, use filesize-based ETag
size_t fileSize = request->_tempFile.size();
etagValue = static_cast<uint32_t>(fileSize);
}
#ifndef ESP8266
snprintf(etag, sizeof(etag), "%08lx", etagValue);
#else
snprintf(etag, sizeof(etag), "%08x", etagValue);
#endif
} else {
etag[0] = '\0';
}
AsyncWebServerResponse *response;
bool notModified = false;
// 1. If the client sent If-None-Match and we have an ETag → compare
if (*etag != '\0' && request->header(T_INM) == etag) {
notModified = true;
}
// 2. Otherwise, if there is no ETag but we have Last-Modified and Last-Modified matches
else if (*etag == '\0' && _last_modified.length() > 0 && request->header(T_IMS) == _last_modified) {
async_ws_log_d("_last_modified: %s", _last_modified.c_str());
notModified = true;
}
if (notModified) {
request->_tempFile.close();
response = new AsyncBasicResponse(304); // Not modified
} else {
response = new AsyncFileResponse(request->_tempFile, filename, emptyString, false, _callback);
}
if (!response) {
async_ws_log_e("Failed to allocate");
request->abort();
return;
}
if (!notModified) {
// Set ETag header
if (*etag != '\0') {
response->addHeader(T_ETag, etag, true);
}
// Set Last-Modified header
if (_last_modified.length()) {
response->addHeader(T_Last_Modified, _last_modified.c_str(), true);
}
}
// Set cache control
if (_cache_control.length()) {
response->addHeader(T_Cache_Control, _cache_control.c_str(), false);
} else {
response->addHeader(T_Cache_Control, T_no_cache, false);
}
request->send(response);
}
AsyncStaticWebHandler &AsyncStaticWebHandler::setTemplateProcessor(AwsTemplateProcessor newCallback) {
_callback = newCallback;
return *this;
}
void AsyncCallbackWebHandler::setUri(AsyncURIMatcher uri) {
_uri = std::move(uri);
}
bool AsyncCallbackWebHandler::canHandle(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) const {
if (!_onRequest || !request->isHTTP() || !(_method & request->method())) {
return false;
}
return _uri.matches(request);
}
void AsyncCallbackWebHandler::handleRequest(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
if (_onRequest) {
_onRequest(request);
} else {
request->send(404, T_text_plain, "Not found");
}
}
void AsyncCallbackWebHandler::handleUpload(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, const String &filename, size_t index, uint8_t *data, size_t len, bool final) {
if (_onUpload) {
_onUpload(request, filename, index, data, len, final);
}
}
void AsyncCallbackWebHandler::handleBody(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, uint8_t *data, size_t len, size_t index, size_t total) {
// ESP_LOGD("AsyncWebServer", "AsyncCallbackWebHandler::handleBody");
if (_onBody) {
_onBody(request, data, len, index, total);
}
}

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// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
// Copyright 2016-2025 Hristo Gochkov, Mathieu Carbou, Emil Muratov
#ifndef ASYNCWEBSERVERRESPONSEIMPL_H_
#define ASYNCWEBSERVERRESPONSEIMPL_H_
#ifdef Arduino_h
// arduino is not compatible with std::vector
#undef min
#undef max
#endif
#include "literals.h"
#include <cbuf.h>
#include <memory>
#include <vector>
#ifndef CONFIG_LWIP_TCP_MSS
// as it is defined for ESP32's Arduino LWIP
#define CONFIG_LWIP_TCP_MSS 1436
#endif
#define ASYNC_RESPONCE_BUFF_SIZE CONFIG_LWIP_TCP_MSS * 2
// It is possible to restore these defines, but one can use _min and _max instead. Or std::min, std::max.
class AsyncBasicResponse : public AsyncWebServerResponse {
private:
String _content;
// buffer to accumulate all response headers
String _assembled_headers;
// amount of headers buffer writtent to sockbuff
size_t _writtenHeadersLength{0};
public:
explicit AsyncBasicResponse(int code, const char *contentType = asyncsrv::empty, const char *content = asyncsrv::empty);
AsyncBasicResponse(int code, const String &contentType, const String &content = emptyString)
: AsyncBasicResponse(code, contentType.c_str(), content.c_str()) {}
void _respond(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) override final;
size_t _ack(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, size_t len, uint32_t time) override final {
return write_send_buffs(request, len, time);
};
bool _sourceValid() const override final {
return true;
}
protected:
/**
* @brief write next portion of response data to send buffs
* this method (re)fills tcp send buffers, it could be called either at will
* or from a tcp_recv/tcp_poll callbacks from AsyncTCP
*
* @param request - used to access client object
* @param len - size of acknowledged data from the remote side (TCP window update, not TCP ack!)
* @param time - time passed between last sent and received packet
* @return size_t amount of response data placed to TCP send buffs for delivery (defined by sdkconfig value CONFIG_LWIP_TCP_SND_BUF_DEFAULT)
*/
size_t write_send_buffs(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, size_t len, uint32_t time);
};
class AsyncAbstractResponse : public AsyncWebServerResponse {
private:
#if ASYNCWEBSERVER_USE_CHUNK_INFLIGHT
// amount of response data in-flight, i.e. sent, but not acked yet
size_t _in_flight{0};
// in-flight queue credits
size_t _in_flight_credit{2};
#endif
// buffer to accumulate all response headers
String _assembled_headers;
// amount of headers buffer writtent to sockbuff
size_t _writtenHeadersLength{0};
// Data is inserted into cache at begin().
// This is inefficient with vector, but if we use some other container,
// we won't be able to access it as contiguous array of bytes when reading from it,
// so by gaining performance in one place, we'll lose it in another.
std::vector<uint8_t> _cache;
// intermediate buffer to copy outbound data to, also it will keep pending data between _send calls
std::unique_ptr<std::array<uint8_t, ASYNC_RESPONCE_BUFF_SIZE> > _send_buffer;
// buffer data size specifiers
size_t _send_buffer_offset{0}, _send_buffer_len{0};
size_t _readDataFromCacheOrContent(uint8_t *data, const size_t len);
size_t _fillBufferAndProcessTemplates(uint8_t *buf, size_t maxLen);
protected:
AwsTemplateProcessor _callback;
/**
* @brief write next portion of response data to send buffs
* this method (re)fills tcp send buffers, it could be called either at will
* or from a tcp_recv/tcp_poll callbacks from AsyncTCP
*
* @param request - used to access client object
* @param len - size of acknowledged data from the remote side (TCP window update, not TCP ack!)
* @param time - time passed between last sent and received packet
* @return size_t amount of response data placed to TCP send buffs for delivery (defined by sdkconfig value CONFIG_LWIP_TCP_SND_BUF_DEFAULT)
*/
size_t write_send_buffs(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, size_t len, uint32_t time);
public:
AsyncAbstractResponse(AwsTemplateProcessor callback = nullptr);
virtual ~AsyncAbstractResponse() {}
void _respond(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) override final;
size_t _ack(AsyncWebServerRequest *request, size_t len, uint32_t time) override final {
return write_send_buffs(request, len, time);
};
virtual bool _sourceValid() const {
return false;
}
virtual size_t _fillBuffer(uint8_t *buf __attribute__((unused)), size_t maxLen __attribute__((unused))) {
return 0;
}
};
#ifndef TEMPLATE_PLACEHOLDER
#define TEMPLATE_PLACEHOLDER '%'
#endif
#define TEMPLATE_PARAM_NAME_LENGTH 32
class AsyncFileResponse : public AsyncAbstractResponse {
using File = fs::File;
using FS = fs::FS;
private:
File _content;
void _setContentTypeFromPath(const String &path);
public:
AsyncFileResponse(FS &fs, const String &path, const char *contentType = asyncsrv::empty, bool download = false, AwsTemplateProcessor callback = nullptr);
AsyncFileResponse(FS &fs, const String &path, const String &contentType, bool download = false, AwsTemplateProcessor callback = nullptr)
: AsyncFileResponse(fs, path, contentType.c_str(), download, callback) {}
AsyncFileResponse(
File content, const String &path, const char *contentType = asyncsrv::empty, bool download = false, AwsTemplateProcessor callback = nullptr
);
AsyncFileResponse(File content, const String &path, const String &contentType, bool download = false, AwsTemplateProcessor callback = nullptr)
: AsyncFileResponse(content, path, contentType.c_str(), download, callback) {}
~AsyncFileResponse() {
_content.close();
}
bool _sourceValid() const override final {
return !!(_content);
}
size_t _fillBuffer(uint8_t *buf, size_t maxLen) override final;
};
class AsyncStreamResponse : public AsyncAbstractResponse {
private:
Stream *_content;
public:
AsyncStreamResponse(Stream &stream, const char *contentType, size_t len, AwsTemplateProcessor callback = nullptr);
AsyncStreamResponse(Stream &stream, const String &contentType, size_t len, AwsTemplateProcessor callback = nullptr)
: AsyncStreamResponse(stream, contentType.c_str(), len, callback) {}
bool _sourceValid() const override final {
return !!(_content);
}
size_t _fillBuffer(uint8_t *buf, size_t maxLen) override final;
};
class AsyncCallbackResponse : public AsyncAbstractResponse {
private:
AwsResponseFiller _content;
size_t _filledLength;
public:
AsyncCallbackResponse(const char *contentType, size_t len, AwsResponseFiller callback, AwsTemplateProcessor templateCallback = nullptr);
AsyncCallbackResponse(const String &contentType, size_t len, AwsResponseFiller callback, AwsTemplateProcessor templateCallback = nullptr)
: AsyncCallbackResponse(contentType.c_str(), len, callback, templateCallback) {}
bool _sourceValid() const override final {
return !!(_content);
}
size_t _fillBuffer(uint8_t *buf, size_t maxLen) override final;
};
class AsyncChunkedResponse : public AsyncAbstractResponse {
private:
AwsResponseFiller _content;
size_t _filledLength;
public:
AsyncChunkedResponse(const char *contentType, AwsResponseFiller callback, AwsTemplateProcessor templateCallback = nullptr);
AsyncChunkedResponse(const String &contentType, AwsResponseFiller callback, AwsTemplateProcessor templateCallback = nullptr)
: AsyncChunkedResponse(contentType.c_str(), callback, templateCallback) {}
bool _sourceValid() const override final {
return !!(_content);
}
size_t _fillBuffer(uint8_t *buf, size_t maxLen) override final;
};
class AsyncProgmemResponse : public AsyncAbstractResponse {
private:
const uint8_t *_content;
// offset index (how much we've sent already)
size_t _index;
public:
AsyncProgmemResponse(int code, const char *contentType, const uint8_t *content, size_t len, AwsTemplateProcessor callback = nullptr);
AsyncProgmemResponse(int code, const String &contentType, const uint8_t *content, size_t len, AwsTemplateProcessor callback = nullptr)
: AsyncProgmemResponse(code, contentType.c_str(), content, len, callback) {}
bool _sourceValid() const override final {
return true;
}
size_t _fillBuffer(uint8_t *buf, size_t maxLen) override final;
};
class AsyncResponseStream : public AsyncAbstractResponse, public Print {
private:
std::unique_ptr<cbuf> _content;
public:
AsyncResponseStream(const char *contentType, size_t bufferSize);
AsyncResponseStream(const String &contentType, size_t bufferSize) : AsyncResponseStream(contentType.c_str(), bufferSize) {}
bool _sourceValid() const override final {
return (_state < RESPONSE_END);
}
size_t _fillBuffer(uint8_t *buf, size_t maxLen) override final;
size_t write(const uint8_t *data, size_t len);
size_t write(uint8_t data);
/**
* @brief Returns the number of bytes available in the stream.
*/
size_t available() const {
return _content->available();
}
using Print::write;
};
#endif /* ASYNCWEBSERVERRESPONSEIMPL_H_ */

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